Imitha kagesi ehlakaniphileingenye yezinsiza eziyisisekelo zokuthola idatha yegridi yamandla ahlakaniphile (ikakhulukazi inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa amandla ahlakaniphile).Lenza imisebenzi yokutholwa kwedatha, ukukala kanye nokudluliswa kwamandla kagesi okuqala, futhi liyisisekelo sokuhlanganisa ulwazi, ukuhlaziya kanye nokwenza kahle kanye nokwethulwa kolwazi.Ngaphezu komsebenzi wokulinganisa wokusetshenziswa kukagesi okuyisisekelo wamamitha kagesi wendabuko, amamitha kagesi ahlakaniphile nawo anemisebenzi yezindlela ezimbili zokubala amanani ahlukahlukene, umsebenzi wokulawula umsebenzisi, umsebenzi wokuxhumana wedatha wezindlela ezimbili zezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokudlulisa idatha, anti-power. umsebenzi wokweba neminye imisebenzi ehlakaniphile ukuze ivumelane nokusetshenziswa kwamagridi amandla ahlakaniphile namandla amasha.
I-Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) kanye nohlelo lwe-Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) olwakhelwe phezu kwesisekelo semitha kagesi ehlakaniphile lunganikeza abasebenzisi ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nokusetshenziswa kukagesi, okubenza bakwazi ukuphatha kangcono ukusetshenziswa kwabo kukagesi ukuze bafinyelele umgomo wokonga ugesi kanye nokunciphisa. ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa.Abathengisi bakagesi bangakwazi ukusetha intengo ye-TOU ngokuvumelana nesidingo sabasebenzisi ukukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwesistimu yentengo yemakethe kagesi.Izinkampani zokusabalalisa zingakwazi ukubona amaphutha ngokushesha futhi ziphendule ngesikhathi ukuze ziqinise ukulawula nokuphatha inethiwekhi yamandla.
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo eziyisisekelo zamandla namandla, ukuqoqwa kwedatha yamandla kagesi aluhlaza, ukulinganisa nokudlulisa kunokwethenjwa okuphezulu, ukunemba okuphezulu nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, njll.
Umqondo weSmart Meter ulandela emuva ngeminyaka yawo-1990s.Lapho amamitha kagesi omile eqala ukubonakala ngo-1993, ayebiza ngokuphindwe ka-10 kuya kwezingu-20 kunamamitha kagesi, ngakho-ke ayesetshenziswa kakhulu abasebenzisi abakhulu.Ngokukhula kwenani lamamitha kagesi anekhono lokuxhumana ngocingo, kuyadingeka ukuthi kusungulwe uhlelo olusha lokubona ukufundwa kwamamitha kanye nokuphathwa kwedatha.Kulezi zinhlelo, idatha ye-metering iqala ukuvulelwa ezinhlelweni ezifana ne-automation yokusabalalisa, kodwa lezi zinhlelo azikakwazi ukusebenzisa kahle idatha efanele.Ngokufanayo, idatha yesikhathi sangempela yokusetshenziswa kwamandla evela kumamitha akhokhelwa ngaphambili ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezifana nokuphathwa kwamandla noma izinyathelo zokonga amandla.
Ngokuqhubeka kobuchwepheshe, amamitha kagesi omile akhiqizwa ngobuningi angathola amandla okucutshungulwa kanye nokugcinwa kwedatha ngenani eliphansi kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuphule izinga elihlakaniphile lamamitha kagesi abasebenzisi abancane ukuthi lithuthukiswe kakhulu, futhi amamitha kagesi amile kancane kancane athathe indawo kagesi. amamitha kagesi wendabuko we-electromechanical.
Ukuze kuqondwe “Smart Meter”, awukho umqondo ohlanganisiwe noma indinganiso yamazwe ngamazwe emhlabeni.Umqondo we-smart Electric Meter uvamise ukwamukelwa e-Europe, kanti igama elithi smart Electric Meter lisho amamitha kagesi ahlakaniphile.E-United States, kwasetshenziswa umqondo we-Advanced Meter, kodwa into efanayo.Nakuba imitha ehlakaniphile ihunyushwa ngokuthi imitha ehlakaniphile noma imitha ehlakaniphile, ibhekisela kakhulu kumitha kagesi ehlakaniphile.Izinhlangano ezihlukene zamazwe ngamazwe, izikhungo zocwaningo namabhizinisi zinikeze izincazelo ezihlukene ze-"Smart Meter" ngokuhambisana nezidingo zokusebenza ezihambisanayo.
I-ESMA
I-European Smart Metering Alliance (ESMA) ichaza izici ze-Metering ukuze ichaze amamitha kagesi we-Smart.
(1) Ukucubungula okuzenzakalelayo, ukudluliswa, ukuphathwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwedatha yokulinganisa;
(2) Ukuphathwa okuzenzakalelayo kwamamitha kagesi;
(3) Ukuxhumana kwezindlela ezimbili phakathi kwamamitha kagesi;
(4) Ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi olufika ngesikhathi nolubalulekile lokusebenzisa amandla kubabambiqhaza abafanelekile (kuhlanganise nabasebenzisi bamandla) ngaphakathi kwesistimu yokulinganisa ehlakaniphile;
(5) Ukusekela ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nezinsizakalo zezinhlelo zokuphatha amandla (isizukulwane, ukudlulisa, ukusatshalaliswa, kanye nokusetshenziswa).
I-Eskom Power Company yaseNingizimu Afrika
Uma kuqhathaniswa namamitha endabuko, amamitha ahlakaniphile anganikeza ulwazi oluthe xaxa lokusebenzisa, olungathunyelwa kumaseva endawo ngenethiwekhi ethile nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukuze kufezwe injongo yokuphathwa kwamamitha nokukhokha.Kuhlanganisa futhi:
(1) Izinhlobonhlobo zobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe zihlanganisiwe;
(2) Ukufundwa kwamamitha ngesikhathi sangempela noma okwangempela;
(3) Izici zomthwalo ezinemininingwane;
(4) Irekhodi lokunqamuka kukagesi;
(5) Ukuqapha izinga lamandla.
I-DRAM
Ngokwe-Demand Response and Advanced Metering Coalition (DRAM), amamitha kagesi ahlakaniphile kufanele akwazi ukufeza le misebenzi elandelayo:
(1) Linganisa idatha yokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngezikhathi ezihlukene, okuhlanganisa izikhathi zehora noma ezigunyaziwe;
(2) Ukuvumela abasebenzisi bakagesi, izinkampani zikagesi kanye nezikhungo zesevisi ukuthi zihwebe ngamanani ahlukahlukene;
(3) Nikeza ngeminye idatha nemisebenzi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yesevisi yamandla nokuxazulula izinkinga kusevisi.
Isimiso sokusebenza
Imitha kagesi ehlakaniphile iyithuluzi elithuthukisiwe lokulinganisa eliqoqa, lihlaziye futhi lilawule idatha yolwazi lwamandla kagesi ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe besimanje bezokuxhumana, ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulinganisa.Isimiso esiyisisekelo semitha kagesi ehlakaniphile yilena: thembela kusiguquli se-A/D noma i-metering chip ukuze wenze iqoqo lesikhathi sangempela lamanje kanye ne-voltage yomsebenzisi, uhlaziye futhi ucubungule nge-CPU, uqaphele ukubalwa kwesiqondisindlela esihle nesibi, isigodi esiphezulu. noma amandla kagesi angamaquadrant amane, futhi aqhubeke akhiphe okuqukethwe kukagesi ngokuxhumana, ukubonisa nezinye izindlela.
Isakhiwo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza semitha kagesi ehlakaniphile kuhluke kakhulu kumitha kagesi yokungeniswa evamile.
I-ammeter yohlobo lwe-induction ikakhulukazi yakhiwe ngepuleti le-aluminium, ikhoyili yamanje yamandla kagesi, uzibuthe waphakade nezinye izakhi.Umgomo wayo wokusebenza ikakhulukazi usebenzisa ikhoyili yamanje kanye nepuleti lomthofu eligudlukayo
Ukwakhiwa kwamamitha kagesi ahlakaniphile
Ikalwa ngokusebenzisana kwamanje kwe-eddy, imitha ehlakaniphile ye-elekthronikhi yakhiwa ikakhulukazi izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi futhi isimiso sayo sokusebenza sisekelwe kugesi wamandla omsebenzisi kanye namasampula esikhathi sangempela samanje, futhi ISEBENZISA isekethe ehlanganisiwe yemitha yehora le-watt, ugesi oyisampula kanye ukucubungula isignali yamanje, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi ilingana namandla okukhipha i-pulse, ekugcineni kulawulwa yi-single chip microcomputer ukuze icutshungulwe, isibonisi se-pulse sokusetshenziswa kwamandla nokuphumayo.
Ngokuvamile, sibiza inani lama-pulses akhishwa isiguquli se-A/D lapho sikala idigri eyodwa kagesi ku-smart meter njengokuhlala kweshayela.Kumitha ehlakaniphile, lokhu Okufana okubalulekile okungaguquki, ngoba inani lama-pulses akhishwa isiguquli se-A/D ngesikhathi seyunithi ngayinye lizonquma ngokuqondile ukunemba kokulinganisa kwemitha.
Ngokwesakhiwo, imitha yehora le-watt ehlakaniphile ingahlukaniswa cishe izigaba ezimbili: imitha ehlanganisiwe ye-electromechanical kanye nemitha ye-electronic yonke.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-electromechanical
Ucezu olulodwa lwe-Electromechanical, okungukuthi kumitha yokuqala yomshini enamathiselwe ezingxenyeni ezithile zemisebenzi edingekayo kakade, futhi yehlise izindleko futhi kulula ukuyifaka, uhlelo lwayo lokuklama ngokuvamile aluzange lucekele phansi isakhiwo semitha samanje, ngaphandle kokushintsha okwangempela ngesisekelo. yezinga layo lokulinganisa likazwelonke, ingeza idivayisi yenzwa kumadigri emitha kamshini ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi ibe nokuphuma kwe-pulse kagesi, ukuvumelanisa ukubala kwe-electronic nokubala ngokomshini.Ukunemba kwayo kokulinganisa akukhona ngaphansi kwemitha yohlobo lwemitha eyimishini evamile.Lolu hlelo lokuklama lwamukela ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe betafula lokuqala lohlobo lokungeniswa, elisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwakhiwa kabusha kwemitha endala.
Isici
(1) Ukwethembeka
Ukunemba akushintshile isikhathi eside, akukho ukuqondanisa kwesondo, akukho ukufakwa kanye nemiphumela yokuthutha, njll.
(2) Ukunemba
Ibanga elibanzi, isici samandla abanzi, ukuqala okuzwelayo, njll.
(3) Umsebenzi
Ingakwazi ukusebenzisa imisebenzi yokufunda imitha emaphakathi, amanani amaningi, ukukhokha kusengaphambili, ukuvimbela ukwebiwa kwamandla, kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinsizakalo zokufinyelela ku-inthanethi.
(4) Ukusebenza kwezindleko
Ukusebenza kwezindleko eziphezulu kungagcinelwa imisebenzi yokunweba, ethintwa intengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa.
(5) Ukwaziswa kwe-alamu
Uma inani likagesi elisele lingaphansi komthamo kagesi we-alamu, imitha ngokuvamile ibonisa inani likagesi elisele ukuze likhumbuze umsebenzisi ukuthi athenge ugesi.Uma amandla asele kumitha alingana namandla e-alamu, amandla okukhubeka anqanyulwa kanye, umsebenzisi udinga ukufaka ikhadi le-IC ukuze abuyisele ukunikezwa kwamandla, umsebenzisi kufanele athenge amandla ngesikhathi ngalesi sikhathi.
(6) Ukuvikelwa kwedatha
Ubuchwepheshe besekethe obuhlanganisiwe bombuso wonke bamukelwa ukuze kuvikelwe idatha, futhi idatha ingagcinwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 ngemva kokuhluleka kwamandla.
(7) Amandla azenzakalelayo avaliwe
Uma inani elisele likagesi kumitha kagesi linguziro, imitha izokhubeka ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi iphazamise ukuphakelwa kukagesi.Ngalesi sikhathi, umsebenzisi kufanele athenge ugesi ngesikhathi.
(8) Bhala emuva umsebenzi
Ikhadi lamandla lingabhala ukusetshenziswa kwamandla anqwabelene, amandla ayinsalela namandla awela iqanda libuyele ohlelweni lokuthengisa ugesi ukuze kube lula ukuphathwa kwezibalo zomnyango wokuphatha.
(9) Umsebenzi wokuhlola isampula yomsebenzisi
Isofthiwe yokuthengisa ugesi inganikeza ukuhlolwa kwesampula yedatha yokusetshenziswa kukagesi futhi inikeze amasampula okulandelana kwabasebenzisi njengoba kudingeka.
(10) Umbuzo wamandla
Faka ikhadi le-IC ukuze ubonise amandla aphelele athengiwe, inani lamandla athengiwe, amandla okugcina athengiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okunqwabelana kanye namandla asele.
(11) Ukuvikelwa kwe-overvoltage
Uma umthwalo wangempela udlula inani elibekiwe, imitha izonqamula amandla ngokuzenzakalelayo, ifake ikhadi lekhasimende, futhi ibuyisele ukunikezwa kwamandla.
Izicelo Eziyinhloko
(1) Ukukhokha kanye nokubalwa kwezimali
Imitha kagesi ehlakaniphile ingakwazi ukubona ukucutshungulwa kolwazi lwezindleko ezinembile nesikhathi sangempela, okwenza kube lula inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokucutshungulwa kwe-akhawunti esikhathini esidlule.Indandatho yemakethe yamandla
Ikhwalithi yamandla
Ngaphansi kwemvelo, ama-dispatchers angashintsha abathengisi bamandla ngesikhathi nangendlela elula, futhi babone nokushintsha okuzenzakalelayo ngokuzayo.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abasebenzisi bangathola futhi ulwazi olunembe kakhulu futhi olufika ngesikhathi lokusebenzisa amandla kanye nolwazi lwe-accounting.
(2) Ukulinganisa kwesimo senethiwekhi yokusabalalisa
Ulwazi lokusabalalisa ukugeleza kwamandla ohlangothini lwenethiwekhi yokusabalalisa alunembile, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi ulwazi lutholwa ngokucubungula okuphelele kwemodeli yenethiwekhi, inani lesilinganiso somthwalo kanye nolwazi lokulinganisa ohlangothini lwe-high-voltage yesiteshi esincane.Ngokungeza izindawo zokulinganisa ngasohlangothini lomsebenzisi, kuzotholakala ulwazi olunembile kakhulu lomthwalo kanye nokulahlekelwa kwenethiwekhi, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe ukugcwala okuchichimayo kanye nokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamandla yezinto zokusebenza zamandla.Ngokuhlanganisa inombolo enkulu yedatha yokulinganisa, ukulinganiswa kwesimo esingaziwa kungenziwa futhi ukunemba kwedatha yokulinganisa kungabhekwa.
(3) Ukuqapha ikhwalithi yamandla nokuthembeka kokuphakelwa kukagesi
Amamitha kagesi ahlakaniphile angaqapha ikhwalithi yamandla kanye nesimo sokuphakelwa kukagesi ngesikhathi sangempela, ukuze aphendule izikhalazo zabasebenzisi kusenesikhathi futhi ngokunembile, futhi athathe izinyathelo kusenesikhathi ukuvimbela izinkinga zekhwalithi yamandla.Indlela yendabuko yokuhlaziya ikhwalithi yamandla inegebe ngesikhathi sangempela nokusebenza kahle.
(4) Ukuhlaziywa komthwalo, ukumodela nokubikezela
Idatha yamanzi, igesi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okushisa eqoqwe ngamamitha kagesi ahlakaniphile ingase isetshenziselwe ukuhlaziywa komthwalo nokubikezela.Ngokuhlaziya kabanzi ulwazi olungenhla olunezici zomthwalo kanye nezinguquko zesikhathi, inani eliphelele lokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nenani eliphakeme lesidingo lingalinganiselwa futhi libikezelwe.Lolu lwazi luzosiza abasebenzisi, izitolo zamandla kanye nabaqhubi benethiwekhi yokusabalalisa ukuze bakhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kukagesi okunengqondo, ukonga amandla futhi kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuhlelwa kwegridi nokuhlela.
(5) Impendulo yohlangothi lwesidingo samandla
Ukusabela ohlangothini lwesidingo kusho ukulawula ukulayishwa komsebenzisi kanye nokukhiqizwa okusatshalaliswa ngamanani kagesi.Kuhlanganisa ukulawulwa kwentengo nokulawula ukulayisha okuqondile.Izilawuli zamanani ngokuvamile zihlanganisa isikhathi sokusetshenziswa, isikhathi sangempela kanye namazinga aphezulu ezimo eziphuthumayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esivamile, sesikhathi esifushane nesiphezulu, ngokulandelana.Ukulawula ukulayisha okuqondile kuvame ukufezwa yi-dispatcher yenethiwekhi ngokuya ngesimo senethiwekhi ngomyalo oqhelile wokufinyelela nokunqamula umthwalo.
(6) Ukuqapha nokuphatha ukusebenza kahle kwamandla
Ngokubuyisela ulwazi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kumamitha ahlakaniphile, abasebenzisi bangakhuthazwa ukuthi banciphise ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwamandla noma bashintshe indlela abawasebenzisa ngayo.Emizini ehlonyiswe ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokuphehla amandla, ingaphinda inikeze abasebenzisi amandla aphusile okukhiqiza amandla kanye nezikimu zokusetshenziswa kwamandla ukuze kukhuliswe izinzuzo zabasebenzisi.
(7) Ukuphathwa kwamandla omsebenzisi
Ngokuhlinzeka ngolwazi, amamitha ahlakaniphile angakhelwa ohlelweni lokuphatha amandla omsebenzisi, kubasebenzisi abahlukene (abasebenzisi bezakhamuzi, abasebenzisi bezentengiselwano nabezimboni, njll.) ukuze banikeze izinsizakalo zokuphatha amandla, ekulawuleni imvelo yasendlini (izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukukhanya , njll.) ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngangokunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, qaphela imigomo yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
(8) Ukonga amandla
Nikeza abasebenzisi ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela yokusetshenziswa kwamandla, khuthaza abasebenzisi ukuthi balungise imikhuba yabo yokusebenzisa amandla, futhi bathole ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okungavamile okubangelwa ukwehluleka kwemishini.Ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe obunikezwa amamitha ahlakaniphile, izinkampani zikagesi, abahlinzeki bemishini nabanye abahlanganyeli bemakethe banganikeza abasebenzisi imikhiqizo namasevisi amasha, njengezinhlobo ezahlukene zezintengo zikagesi wenethiwekhi yokwabelana ngesikhathi, izivumelwano zikagesi nokuthenga emuva, izinkontileka zikagesi zenani elibonakalayo. , njll.
(9) Umndeni ohlakaniphile
I-Smart home ibhekisela ekuxhunyweni kwemishini ehlukene, imishini kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza ezidla amandla ekhaya kunethiwekhi, futhi ngokuya ngezidingo nokuziphatha kwabahlali, ngaphandle.
Ingakwazi ukubona ukuxhumana kokushisisa, i-alamu, izibani, umoya kanye nezinye izinhlelo, ukuze ibone isilawuli kude se-automation yasekhaya nezinto zikagesi nezinye izinto zokusebenza.
(10) Ukugcinwa kokuvimbela nokuhlaziywa kwamaphutha
Umsebenzi wokulinganisa wamamitha kagesi ahlakaniphile usiza ekuboneni ukuvinjelwa nokugcinwa kwezingxenye zenethiwekhi yokusabalalisa, amamitha kagesi kanye nempahla yomsebenzisi, njengokubona ukuhlanekezela kwe-voltage waveform, i-harmonic, ukungalingani nezinye izinto ezibangelwa amaphutha emishini kagesi kanye namaphutha asemhlabeni.Idatha yokulinganisa ingasiza futhi igridi futhi abasebenzisi bahlaziye ukwehluleka nokulahlekelwa kwengxenye yegridi.
(11) Inkokhelo kusengaphambili
Amamitha ahlakaniphile ahlinzeka ngezindleko eziphansi, indlela evumelana nezimo futhi enobungane yokukhokha kusengaphambili kunezindlela ezivamile zokukhokha ngaphambili.
(12) Ukuphathwa kwamamitha kagesi
Ukuphathwa kwamamitha kuhlanganisa: ukuphathwa kwempahla imitha yokufaka;Ukugcinwa kwedathabheyisi yolwazi;Ukufinyelela ngezikhathi ezithile kumitha;Qinisekisa ukufakwa nokusebenza kahle kwemitha;Qinisekisa indawo yamamitha kanye nokunemba kolwazi lomsebenzisi, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-20-2020