Ntse ntsuas hluav taws xobyog ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej siv yooj yim rau cov ntaub ntawv tau txais ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob ntse (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub zog xa hluav taws xob ntse).Nws lees paub cov dej num ntawm kev nrhiav tau cov ntaub ntawv, kev ntsuas thiab kev sib kis ntawm thawj lub zog hluav taws xob, thiab yog lub hauv paus rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev ua kom zoo thiab kev nthuav qhia cov ntaub ntawv.Ntxiv nrog rau kev ntsuas kev siv hluav taws xob yooj yim ntawm cov ntsuas hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj, cov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntse tseem muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm ob txoj kev ntsuas ntawm ntau tus nqi, cov neeg siv kev tswj hwm muaj nuj nqi, ob txoj kev sib txuas lus cov ntaub ntawv muaj nuj nqi ntawm ntau hom ntaub ntawv kis tau tus mob, tiv thaiv lub zog. tub sab muaj nuj nqi thiab lwm yam kev txawj ntse ua kom haum rau kev siv cov phiaj xwm ntse thiab lub zog tshiab.
Kev ntsuas kev ntsuas siab tshaj plaws (AMI) thiab Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) system tsim los ntawm kev ntsuas hluav taws xob ntse tuaj yeem muab cov neeg siv cov ntaub ntawv siv hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv, ua rau lawv tswj hwm lawv cov hluav taws xob zoo dua kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab txo qis. tsev xog paj emissions.Cov khw muag khoom hluav taws xob tuaj yeem hloov kho TOU tus nqi raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv los txhawb kev hloov kho hluav taws xob kev lag luam tus nqi.Cov tuam txhab faib khoom tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov ua yuam kev sai dua thiab teb raws sijhawm los txhawb kev tswj hwm lub zog thiab kev tswj hwm.
Cov cuab yeej siv yooj yim ntawm lub zog thiab lub zog, cov ntaub ntawv raw hluav taws xob cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia, kev ntsuas thiab kev sib kis muaj kev ntseeg siab, qhov tseeb siab thiab kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, thiab lwm yam.
Lub tswv yim ntawm Smart Meter taug qab rov qab mus rau xyoo 1990s.Thaum cov ntsuas hluav taws xob zoo li qub tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1993, lawv tau 10 mus rau 20 npaug kim dua li cov ntsuas hluav taws xob, yog li lawv tau siv los ntawm cov neeg siv loj.Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm cov hluav taws xob ntsuas hluav taws xob nrog kev sib txuas lus muaj peev xwm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim ib txoj kab tshiab kom paub txog kev nyeem ntawv thiab kev tswj cov ntaub ntawv.Nyob rau hauv xws li cov tshuab, metering cov ntaub ntawv pib qhib mus rau lub tshuab xws li kev faib automation, tab sis cov tshuab no tseem tsis tau muaj peev xwm siv tau cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam.Ib yam li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub sijhawm tiag tiag los ntawm cov ntsuas them ua ntej tsis tshua siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov xws li kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob lossis kev ntsuas kev txuag hluav taws xob.
Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm cov thev naus laus zis, cov khoom tsim hluav taws xob zoo li qub tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog ua haujlwm thiab khaws cia ntawm tus nqi qis heev, yog li txhawb cov neeg siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me me kom tau txais kev txhim kho zoo heev, thiab cov ntsuas hluav taws xob zoo li qub tau hloov zuj zus. tsoos electromechanical hluav taws xob ntsuas.
Rau kev nkag siab ntawm "Smart Meter", tsis muaj lub tswv yim sib koom ua ke lossis tus qauv thoob ntiaj teb hauv ntiaj teb.Lub tswv yim ntawm smart Electric Meter feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, thaum lub sij hawm ntse Electric Meter yog hais txog cov ntse hluav taws xob ntsuas.Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, lub tswvyim ntawm Advanced Meter tau siv, tab sis cov khoom yog tib yam.Txawm hais tias lub ntsuas ntsuas ntse txhais tau tias yog lub ntsuas ntsuas ntse lossis ntsuas ntsuas ntse, nws feem ntau yog hais txog lub ntsuas hluav taws xob ntse.Cov koom haum thoob ntiaj teb sib txawv, cov koom haum tshawb fawb thiab cov lag luam tau muab cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm "Smart Meter" ua ke nrog cov kev xav tau ua haujlwm zoo.
ESMA
European Smart Metering Alliance (ESMA) piav qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm Kev Ntsuas los txhais cov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntse.
(1) Tsis siv neeg ua, kis tau tus mob, tswj thiab siv cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas;
(2) Tsis siv neeg tswj cov ntsuas hluav taws xob;
(3) Ob txoj kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov ntsuas hluav taws xob;
(4) Muab cov ntaub ntawv siv hluav taws xob raws sij hawm thiab muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov neeg koom nrog (nrog rau cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob) hauv lub ntsuas ntsuas ntse;
(5) Txhawb kev txhim kho kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev pabcuam ntawm kev tswj xyuas hluav taws xob (tsim, xa tawm, faib, thiab siv).
South Africa lub tuam txhab Eskom Power Company
Piv nrog rau cov ntsuas ib txwm muaj, cov ntsuas ntsuas ntse tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv siv ntau dua, uas tuaj yeem xa mus rau cov servers hauv zos los ntawm ib lub network tshwj xeeb txhua lub sijhawm kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ntsuas thiab kev tswj xyuas nqi.Nws kuj muaj xws li:
(1) Ntau yam kev siv thev naus laus zis tau sib xyaw ua ke;
(2) Real-time lossis quasi-real-time nyeem ntawv ntsuas;
(3) Paub meej load yam ntxwv;
(4) Cov ntaub ntawv fais fab tuag;
(5) Kev saib xyuas lub zog zoo.
DRAM
Raws li Kev Xav Tau thiab Kev Ntsuas Siab Tshaj Plaws (DRAM), cov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntse yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ua tiav cov haujlwm hauv qab no:
(1) Ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv siv hluav taws xob hauv lub sijhawm sib txawv, suav nrog lub sijhawm teev lossis lub sijhawm tso cai;
(2) Tso cai rau cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov tuam txhab hluav taws xob thiab cov chaw pabcuam kev lag luam ua lag luam hluav taws xob ntawm ntau tus nqi;
(3) Muab lwm cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev ua haujlwm los txhim kho kev pabcuam fais fab zoo thiab daws teeb meem hauv kev pabcuam.
Txoj cai ua haujlwm
Lub ntsuas hluav taws xob ntse yog cov cuab yeej ntsuas qib siab uas sau, txheeb xyuas thiab tswj cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob raws li kev sib txuas lus niaj hnub siv tshuab, tshuab computer thiab ntsuas tshuab.Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntsuas hluav taws xob ntse yog: tso siab rau A / D converter lossis metering nti kom ua tiav lub sijhawm sau ntawm tus neeg siv tam sim no thiab qhov hluav taws xob, nqa tawm kev tshuaj xyuas thiab ua tiav los ntawm CPU, paub txog kev suav ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, ncov hav. los yog plaub-quadrant hluav taws xob, thiab ntxiv cov ntsiab lus ntawm hluav taws xob los ntawm kev sib txuas lus, tso saib thiab lwm yam txhais tau tias.
Cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob ntse yog qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob induction hluav taws xob.
Induction hom ammeter yog tsim los ntawm txhuas phaj, tam sim no voltage kauj, hlau nplaum ruaj khov thiab lwm yam.Nws txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm feem ntau yog los ntawm cov kauj tam sim no thiab txav tau cov hlau lead phaj
Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntse
Ntsuas los ntawm induced eddy tam sim no kev sib cuam tshuam, hluav taws xob ntse ntsuas hluav taws xob feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab nws txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm yog raws li tus neeg siv hluav taws xob muab hluav taws xob thiab qhov ntsuas lub sijhawm tam sim no, dua siv lub siab watt-teev meter integrated circuit, cov qauv voltage thiab tam sim no cov teeb liab ua, txhais tau tias yog proportional rau lub hwj chim ntawm lub mem tes tso zis, thaum kawg tswj los ntawm ib tug nti microcomputer rau kev ua, lub mem tes zaub rau lub hwj chim noj thiab tso zis.
Feem ntau, peb hu tus naj npawb ntawm cov pulses tawm los ntawm A / D converter thaum ntsuas ib qib hluav taws xob hauv A smart meter raws li cov mem tes tas li.Rau lub ntsuas ntsuas ntse, qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis tu ncua, vim tias tus naj npawb ntawm cov pulses tawm los ntawm A / D converter ib lub sijhawm yuav txiav txim ncaj qha rau qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm lub ntsuas.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov qauv, lub ntse watt-teev meter yuav roughly muab faib ua ob pawg: electromechanical integrated meter thiab all-electronic meter.
Electromechanical kev koom ua ke
Electromechanical ib-thooj, uas yog nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qub txuas nrog rau qee qhov ntawm qhov uas twb tau ua tiav cov haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau ua, thiab txo tus nqi thiab yooj yim rau nruab, nws cov qauv tsim feem ntau tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj tam sim no lub ntsuas hluav taws xob lub cev, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub hauv paus. ntawm nws lub teb chaws ntsuas tus qauv, ntxiv sensing ntaus ntawv mus rau hauv lub mechanical meter degrees nyob rau tib lub sij hawm kuj muaj hluav taws xob pulse tso zis, synchronize lub electronics numeration thiab mechanical numeration.Nws qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb tsis qis dua qhov dav dav siv tshuab ntsuas hom ntsuas ntsuas.Lub tswv yim tsim no siv cov cuab yeej paub tab ntawm thawj cov lus induction hom, uas yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub meter qub.
Feature
(1) Kev ntseeg tau
Qhov tseeb yog qhov tsis hloov pauv rau lub sijhawm ntev, tsis muaj lub log sib dhos, tsis muaj kev teeb tsa thiab kev thauj mus los, thiab lwm yam.
(2) Qhov tseeb
Ntau yam, dav zog yam, pib rhiab, thiab lwm yam.
(3) Muaj nuj nqi
Nws tuaj yeem siv lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev nyeem ntawv hauv nruab nrab, ntau tus nqi, them nyiaj ua ntej, tiv thaiv kev ua tub sab nyiag, thiab ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov kev pabcuam hauv Internet.
(4) Tus nqi ua haujlwm
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm tus nqi tuaj yeem khaws cia rau kev nthuav dav, cuam tshuam los ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv raw.
(5) Lub tswb nrov
Thaum qhov seem hluav taws xob muaj tsawg dua li lub tswb hluav taws xob ntau, lub ntsuas hluav taws xob feem ntau qhia txog qhov seem hluav taws xob kom ceeb toom tus neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob.Thaum lub zog seem hauv lub ntsuas hluav taws xob sib npaug ntawm lub tswb lub zog, lub zog tripping raug txiav tawm ib zaug, tus neeg siv yuav tsum tau ntxig IC daim npav kom rov qab siv hluav taws xob, tus neeg siv yuav tsum tau yuav lub sijhawm tam sim no.
(6) Kev tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv
All-solid-state integrated circuit technology yog saws rau kev tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem khaws cia rau ntau tshaj 10 xyoo tom qab fais fab tuag.
(7) Tsis siv neeg fais fab tuag
Thaum qhov seem ntawm hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv lub ntsuas hluav taws xob yog xoom, lub ntsuas hluav taws xob yuav txav mus los thiab cuam tshuam cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.Lub sijhawm no, tus neeg siv yuav tsum tau yuav khoom hluav taws xob raws sijhawm.
(8) Sau rov qab ua haujlwm
Daim npav fais fab tuaj yeem sau cov kev siv hluav taws xob sib txuas, lub zog seem thiab xoom-hloov hluav taws xob rov qab mus rau cov hluav taws xob muag hluav taws xob kom yooj yim ntawm kev tswj xyuas kev tswj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv.
(9) Cov neeg siv cov qauv kuaj xyuas muaj nuj nqi
Hluav taws xob muag software tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv kuaj xyuas kev siv hluav taws xob thiab muab cov qauv ua ntej ntawm cov neeg siv khoom raws li qhov xav tau.
(10) Lub zog nug
Ntxig IC daim npav los qhia tag nrho lub hwj chim yuav, tus naj npawb ntawm lub hwj chim yuav, lub hwj chim kawg uas tau yuav, kev siv hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv thiab lub zog ntxiv.
(11) Kev tiv thaiv overvoltage
Thaum lub load tiag tiag tshaj qhov teeb tsa tus nqi, lub 'meter' yuav txiav tawm lub hwj chim, ntxig rau tus neeg siv khoom daim npav, thiab rov qab siv lub zog.
Cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb
(1) Kev daws teeb meem thiab suav nyiaj
Lub ntsuas hluav taws xob ntse tuaj yeem paub qhov tseeb thiab lub sijhawm them nqi cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav, uas yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem nyuaj ntawm kev ua nyiaj txiag yav dhau los.Nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim lag luam nplhaib
Lub zog zoo
Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig, dispatchers tuaj yeem hloov cov khw muag khoom hluav taws xob hauv lub sijhawm thiab yooj yim dua, thiab txawm paub txog kev hloov pauv tsis siv neeg yav tom ntej.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg siv kuj tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv siv hluav taws xob ntau dua thiab raws sijhawm thiab cov ntaub ntawv sau nyiaj.
(2) Distribution network state kwv yees
Cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob ntws tawm ntawm cov khoom xa tawm sab nraud tsis yog qhov tseeb, feem ntau vim tias cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm cov qauv network, thauj khoom kwv yees tus nqi thiab ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau sab high-voltage ntawm substation.Los ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntsuas ntsuas ntawm cov neeg siv sab, yuav tau txais cov ntaub ntawv raug load ntau dua thiab cov ntaub ntawv poob, yog li tsis txhob overload thiab lub zog tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv fais fab.Los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas, qhov kwv yees ntawm lub xeev tsis paub yuav raug pom tau thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas tuaj yeem raug kuaj xyuas.
(3) Lub zog zoo thiab kev saib xyuas kev ntseeg tau ntawm lub zog
Cov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntse tuaj yeem saib xyuas lub zog zoo thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, txhawm rau teb cov neeg siv cov lus tsis txaus siab raws sijhawm thiab raug, thiab ntsuas ua ntej los tiv thaiv teeb meem hluav taws xob zoo.Txoj kev ntsuas hluav taws xob zoo ib txwm muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.
(4) Load tsom xam, qauv thiab kwv yees
Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm dej, roj thiab hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob tau sau los ntawm cov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntse tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsom xam thiab kev kwv yees.Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no nrog cov yam ntxwv thauj khoom thiab lub sijhawm hloov pauv, tag nrho cov kev siv hluav taws xob thiab qhov xav tau siab tshaj plaws tuaj yeem kwv yees thiab kwv yees.Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav pab txhawb rau cov neeg siv khoom, cov khw muag khoom hluav taws xob thiab cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob los txhawb kev siv hluav taws xob kom muaj nuj nqis, txuag hluav taws xob thiab txo kev siv, thiab ua kom zoo dua cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm thiab teem caij.
(5) Lub zog xav tau sab teb
Demand-side teb txhais tau hais tias tswj cov neeg siv khoom thauj khoom thiab faib tawm los ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob.Nws suav nrog kev tswj tus nqi thiab tswj kev thauj khoom ncaj qha.Kev tswj hwm tus nqi feem ntau suav nrog lub sijhawm siv, lub sijhawm tiag tiag thiab qhov xwm txheej ceev ceev kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau tsis tu ncua, luv luv thiab siab kawg, feem.Direct load tswj feem ntau yog ua tiav los ntawm lub network dispatcher raws li lub network mob los ntawm tej thaj chaw deb hais kom nkag mus thiab disconnect lub load.
(6) Kev saib xyuas thiab kev tswj xyuas hluav taws xob
Los ntawm kev pub rov qab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev siv hluav taws xob los ntawm cov ntsuas ntsuas ntse, cov neeg siv tuaj yeem txhawb kom txo lawv cov kev siv hluav taws xob los yog hloov txoj kev uas lawv siv.Rau cov tsev neeg uas muaj cov khoom siv sib faib, nws tseem tuaj yeem muab cov neeg siv khoom tsim nyog tsim hluav taws xob thiab cov phiaj xwm siv hluav taws xob kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg siv.
(7) Cov neeg siv hluav taws xob tswj
Los ntawm kev muab cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntsuas ntse ntse tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev tswj hwm lub zog ntawm tus neeg siv, rau cov neeg siv sib txawv (cov neeg siv nyob hauv, cov neeg siv khoom lag luam thiab cov neeg siv khoom lag luam, thiab lwm yam) los muab kev pabcuam kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob, kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig sab hauv tsev (kub, av noo, teeb pom kev zoo. .
(8) Kev txuag hluav taws xob
Muab cov ntaub ntawv siv hluav taws xob hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, txhawb cov neeg siv los kho lawv cov cwj pwm kev siv hluav taws xob, thiab nrhiav kom pom lub zog tsis zoo los ntawm cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm.Raws li cov cuab yeej siv los ntawm cov ntsuas ntsuas ntse, cov tuam txhab hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv thiab lwm tus neeg koom nrog kev lag luam tuaj yeem muab cov neeg siv khoom tshiab thiab cov kev pabcuam, xws li ntau hom kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob hauv lub sijhawm, kev cog lus hluav taws xob nrog kev yuav rov qab, cov nqi hluav taws xob sib cog lus. , lwm.
(9) Tsev neeg txawj ntse
Lub tsev ntse yog hais txog kev sib txuas ntawm cov cuab yeej sib txawv, tshuab thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev hauv lub network, thiab raws li kev xav tau thiab kev coj cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv, sab nraum zoov
Nws tuaj yeem paub txog kev sib txuas ntawm cov cua sov, tswb, teeb pom kev zoo, qhov cua thiab lwm yam tshuab, kom paub txog cov chaw taws teeb tswj ntawm lub tsev automation thiab cov khoom siv thiab lwm yam khoom siv.
(10) Kev tiv thaiv kev saib xyuas thiab kev soj ntsuam yuam kev
Kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntse pab kom paub txog kev tiv thaiv thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm cov khoom sib txuas sib txuas, cov ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab cov neeg siv khoom siv, xws li kuaj pom qhov hluav taws xob waveform distortion, harmonic, imbalance thiab lwm yam tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ua txhaum thiab hauv av txhaum.Cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab cov kab sib chaws thiab cov neeg siv tshuaj xyuas cov kab sib chaws tsis ua haujlwm thiab poob.
(11) Kev them nyiaj ua ntej
Smart meters muab tus nqi qis dua, hloov tau yooj yim thiab tus phooj ywg prepaid txoj kev tshaj li cov txheej txheem them ua ntej.
(12) Kev tswj cov ntsuas hluav taws xob
Meter tswj muaj xws li: kev tswj cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm installation meter;Txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv database;Periodic nkag mus rau lub 'meter';Xyuas kom muaj kev txhim kho thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub 'meter';Txheeb xyuas qhov chaw ntawm meters thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv, thiab lwm yam.
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-20-2020