Smart magetsi mitandeimwe yemidziyo yakakosha yekutorwa kwedata ye smart power grid (kunyanya smart power distribution network).Inoita mabasa ekutora data, kuyerwa uye kutapurirana kwesimba remagetsi rekutanga, uye ndiyo hwaro hwekubatanidza ruzivo, kuongorora uye optimization uye kupa ruzivo.Pamusoro peiyo yekuyera basa rekuyera kushandiswa kwemagetsi echinyakare magetsi metres, smart magetsi metres anewo mabasa enzira mbiri metering yemareti akasiyana-siyana, mushandisi wekutonga basa, maviri-nzira dhata kutaurirana basa remhando dzakasiyana dzekufambisa data, anti-simba. basa rekuba uye mamwe mabasa akachenjera kuti aenderane nekushandiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi akachenjera uye simba idzva.
Iyo yepamusoro Metering Infrastructure (AMI) uye otomatiki Meter Reading (AMR) sisitimu yakavakirwa pahwaro hwehuchenjeri hwemagetsi metering inogona kupa vashandisi ruzivo rwakadzama rwemashandisirwo emagetsi, ichivagonesa kutonga zvirinani mashandisiro avo emagetsi kuti vazadzikise chinangwa chekuchengetedza magetsi uye kuderedza. greenhouse gasi kubuda.Vatengesi vemagetsi vanogona kuseta mutengo weTOU zviri nyore zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nevashandisi kusimudzira shanduko yemagetsi mutengo wemusika.Makambani ekuparadzira anogona kuona kukanganisa nekukurumidza uye kupindura panguva yakakodzera kusimbisa simba retiweki kutonga uye manejimendi.
Iyo yakakosha midziyo yesimba uye simba, mbishi yemagetsi simba rekuunganidza data, kuyerwa uye kutapurirana zvine kuvimbika kwakanyanya, kurongeka kwakanyanya uye kuderera kwesimba rekushandisa, nezvimwe.
Pfungwa yeSmart Meter inoteera kumashure kuma1990s.Apo static magetsi mamita akatanga kuonekwa muna 1993, aidhura 10 kusvika 20 nguva kudarika electromechanical mamita, saka ainyanya kushandiswa nevashandisi vakuru.Nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemamita emagetsi ane nharembozha kugona, zvinodikanwa kugadzira sisitimu nyowani yekuona kuverenga kwemamita uye kutonga kwedata.Mune masisitimu akadai, metering data inotanga kuvhurwa kune masisitimu akadai sekugovera otomatiki, asi masisitimu aya haasati akwanisa kushandisa zvine hungwaru data rakakodzera.Saizvozvo, chaiyo-nguva yekushandiswa kwesimba data kubva kuprepaid metres haiwanzo kushandiswa mumashandisirwo akadai sesimba rekutonga kana matanho ekuchengetedza simba.
Nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, misa inogadzirwa static magetsi metres inogona kuwana simba rekugadzirisa data uye kuchengetedza nemutengo wakaderera kwazvo, nekudaro kusimudzira hungwaru hwehungwaru hwemamita emagetsi evashandisi vadiki kuti huvandudzwe zvakanyanya, uye static magetsi metres zvishoma nezvishoma akatsiva iyo. zvechinyakare electromechanical magetsi metres.
Nekunzwisisa kwe "Smart Meter", hapana pfungwa yakabatana kana mwero wepasi rose munyika.Iyo pfungwa ye smart Electric Meter inowanzo gamuchirwa muEurope, nepo izwi rekuti smart Electric Meter richireva smart magetsi metres.MuUnited States, pfungwa yeAdvanced Meter yakashandiswa, asi chinhu chakafanana.Kunyangwe smart mita ichiturikirwa ichinzi smart metre kana smart mita, inonyanya kureva mita yemagetsi yakangwara.Masangano epasi rese akasiyana, masangano ekutsvagisa uye mabhizinesi akapa tsananguro dzakasiyana dze "Smart Meter" musanganiswa nezvinodiwa zvinoshanda.
ESMA
IEuropean Smart Metering Alliance (ESMA) inotsanangura maMetering maitiro kutsanangura Smart magetsi metres.
(1) Kugadzirisa otomatiki, kutapurirana, manejimendi uye kushandiswa kwekuyera data;
(2) Kugadzirisa otomatiki kwemamita emagetsi;
(3) Nzira mbiri dzekukurukurirana pakati pemagetsi mamita;
(4) Ipa ruzivo rwakakodzera uye rwakakosha simba rekushandisa simba kune vatori vechikamu vakakodzera (kusanganisira vatengi vemagetsi) mukati meiyo smart metering system;
(5) Tsigira kuvandudzwa kwesimba rekushandisa uye masevhisi emagetsi manejimendi masisitimu (chizvarwa, kuendesa, kugovera, uye kushandiswa).
Kambani yeEskom Power yekuSouth Africa
Kuenzaniswa nemamita echinyakare, smart metres inogona kupa ruzivo rwakawanda rwekushandisa, rwunogona kutumirwa kumaseva emuno kuburikidza netiweki chaiyo chero nguva kuzadzisa chinangwa chekuyera uye kubhadharisa manejimendi.Inosanganisirawo:
(1) Mhando dzakasiyana dzetekinoroji dzepamberi dzakabatanidzwa;
(2) Chaiyo-nguva kana quasi-chaiyo-chaiyo-nguva mita kuverenga;
(3) Detailed mutoro maitiro;
(4) Rekodha yekudzima magetsi;
(5) Kuongorora kwehutano hwemagetsi.
DRAM
Zvinoenderana neDemand Response uye Advanced Metering Coalition (DRAM), smart magetsi metres anofanirwa kukwanisa kuita zvinotevera mabasa:
(1) Kuyera simba rekushandisa data munguva dzakasiyana dzenguva, kusanganisira nguva yeawa kana yemvumo;
(2) Kubvumira vashandisi vemagetsi, makambani emagetsi uye masangano ebasa kutengesa magetsi pamitengo yakasiyana;
(3) Ipa imwe data uye mabasa ekuvandudza simba sevhisi mhando uye kugadzirisa matambudziko mubasa.
Kushanda musimboti
Smart magetsi mita chigadziriso chepamusoro che metering chinounganidza, kuongorora uye kugadzirisa ruzivo rwemagetsi emagetsi zvichienderana nehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano hwekutaurirana, tekinoroji yekombuta uye kuyerwa kwehunyanzvi.Nheyo yakakosha yemamita emagetsi akangwara ndeiyi: vimba neA/D converter kana metering chip kuita chaiyo-nguva yekuunganidza yeazvino uye voltage yemushandisi, kuita ongororo uye kugadzirisa kuburikidza neCPU, ziva kuverengerwa kweyakanaka uye yakaipa nzira, peak mupata. kana mana-quadrant magetsi emagetsi, uye kuwedzera kubudisa zvinyorwa zvemagetsi kuburikidza nekukurukurirana, kuratidza uye dzimwe nzira.
Chimiro uye musimboti wekushanda wemamita emagetsi akangwara akasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune echinyakare induction magetsi mita.
Induction mhando ammeter inonyanya kuumbwa nealuminium ndiro, ikozvino voltage coil, magineti echigarire uye zvimwe zvinhu.Nheyo yayo yekushanda inonyanya kuburikidza nekoiri yazvino uye inofambiswa lead plate
Kuumbwa kwemamita emagetsi emagetsi
Yakayerwa neiyo induced eddy yazvino kupindirana, yemagetsi smart mita inonyanya kuumbwa nezvinhu zvemagetsi uye musimboti wayo wekushanda wakavakirwa pamushandisi wemagetsi emagetsi uye ikozvino nguva chaiyo sampling, zvakare SHANDISA yakatsaurirwa watt-awa mita yakabatanidzwa sedunhu, iyo sampled voltage uye. ikozvino chiratidzo chekugadzirisa, inoturikira mukati inoenderana nesimba reiyo pulse kubuda, pakupedzisira inodzorwa nekamwe chip microcomputer yekugadzirisa, iyo pulse inoratidzira yekushandisa simba uye kubuda.
Kazhinji, tinodaidza huwandu hwemapulses anoburitswa neA/D converter kana tichiyera dhigirii rimwe remagetsi muA smart mita seye pulse inogara iripo.Kune A smart mita, iyi Iri yakakosha nguva dzose, nekuti huwandu hwemapulses anoburitswa neA/D converter payuniti nguva inozoratidza zvakananga kuyerwa kwemamita.
Panyaya yechimiro, iyo smart watt-awa mita inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: electromechanical yakabatanidzwa mita uye ese-electronic mita.
Electromechanical integration
Electromechanical one-piece, kureva mune yepakutanga mameta mita yakasungirirwa kune zvimwe zvikamu zveiyo yatopedza mabasa anodiwa, uye kuderedza mutengo uye nyore kuisa, dhizaini yayo dhizaini kazhinji isingaparadzi yazvino mita chimiro chemuviri, pasina kushandura yekutanga pahwaro. yechiyero chayo chekuyerwa kwenyika, ichiwedzera chidzitiro chekunzwa mumadhigirii emamita panguva imwe chete ine magetsi ekubuda, kuwiriranisa nhamba yemagetsi uye manhamba emuchina.Kuyera kwayo kuyera hakuna kuderera pane general mechanical meter type meter.Ichi chirongwa chekugadzira chinotora tekinoroji yakakura yeiyo yekutanga induction type tafura, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa pakuvakazve kwemamita ekare.
Feature
(1) Kuvimbika
Iko kurongeka hakuna kuchinjika kwenguva yakareba, hapana kurongeka kwevhiri, hapana kuisirwa uye chekufambisa mhedzisiro, nezvimwe.
(2) Kururama
Yakakura siyana, yakakura simba chinhu, tanga kunzwa, nezvimwe.
(3) Basa
Inogona kuita mabasa epakati pekuverenga mita, kuwanda-mwero, pre-kubhadhara, kudzivirira kubiwa kwemagetsi, uye kusangana nezvinodiwa zveInternet kuwana masevhisi.
(4) Mari yekuita
Kushanda kwemutengo wepamusoro kunogona kuchengeterwa mabasa ekuwedzera, kukanganiswa nemutengo wezvigadzirwa.
(5) alarm yekukurumidza
Kana huwandu hwemagetsi hwasara hushoma pane huwandu hwemagetsi aramu, mita inowanzoratidza huwandu hwemagetsi hwasara kuyeuchidza mushandisi kutenga magetsi.Kana simba rasara mumamita rakaenzana nearamu simba, simba rekugumbusa rinogurwa kamwe chete, mushandisi anoda kuisa IC kadhi kuti adzorere magetsi, mushandisi anofanira kutenga simba panguva ino.
(6) Dziviriro yedata
Yese-yakasimba-nyika yakasanganiswa yedunhu tekinoroji inogamuchirwa kuchengetedza data, uye data inogona kuchengetwa kweanopfuura makore gumi mushure mekutadza kwemagetsi.
(7) Kudzima kwemagetsi
Kana huwandu hwemagetsi hwasara mumamita emagetsi hwasvika zero, mita inongozvitsika uye inokanganisa magetsi.Panguva ino, mushandisi anofanira kutenga magetsi nenguva.
(8) Nyora kumashure basa
Kadhi remagetsi rinogona kunyora kuunganidza simba rekushandisa, simba rinosara uye zero-kuyambuka simba kudzokera kumagetsi ekutengesa system kuitira kurerutsa manejimendi edhipatimendi remanejimendi.
(9) Mushandisi sampling yekuongorora basa
Magetsi ekutengesa software anogona kupa data sampling yekuongorora mashandisirwo emagetsi uye nekupa yekutanga sampling yemasevhisi emushandisi sezvinodiwa.
(10) Power query
Isa IC kadhi kuratidza simba rose rakatengwa, huwandu hwesimba rakatengwa, simba rekupedzisira rakatengwa, kuwedzera kwesimba rekushandisa uye simba rasara.
(11) Overvoltage kudzivirira
Kana mutoro chaiwo ukapfuura kukosha kweseti, mita inozodzima magetsi, isa kadhi yemutengi, uye kudzoreredza magetsi.
Main Applications
(1) Kugadziriswa uye accounting
Iyo ine hungwaru mita yemagetsi inogona kuona chaiyo uye-chaiyo-nguva-yekugadzirisa mutengo kugadzirisa ruzivo, iyo inorerutsa iyo yakaoma maitiro ekugadzirisa account munguva yakapfuura.Mumusika wemagetsi mhete
Hunhu hwesimba
Pasi pezvakatipoteredza, vanotumira vanogona kushandura vatengesi vemagetsi mune imwe nguva uye iri nyore nzira, uye kunyange kuona otomatiki switching mune ramangwana.Panguva imwecheteyo, vashandisi vanogonawo kuwana ruzivo rwakanyanya uye nenguva yekushandisa simba uye ruzivo rwe accounting.
(2) Distribution network state estimation
Ruzivo rwekuyerera kwemagetsi kudivi rekugovera network haruna kurongeka, kunyanya nekuti ruzivo rwunowanikwa nekunangana kwekugadziriswa kwetiweki modhi, chiyero chekufungidzira kukosha uye ruzivo rwekuyera padivi repamusoro-voltage ye substation.Nekuwedzera kuyerwa node padivi remushandisi, zvakanyanya kurodha uye ruzivo rwekurasikirwa netiweki ruchawanikwa, nokudaro kudzivirira kuwandisa uye kuderera kwesimba remagetsi emagetsi.Nekubatanidza nhamba yakakura yedata rekuyera, fungidziro yenyika isingazivikanwe inogona kuwanikwa uye kurongeka kwekuyera data kunogona kuongororwa.
(3) Simba rehutano uye magetsi ekugadzirisa kuvimbika kutarisa
Akangwara magetsi metres anogona kutarisa simba remhando uye magetsi emagetsi mamiriro munguva chaiyo, kuitira kuti apindure kuzvichemo zvevashandisi nenguva uye nemazvo, uye kutora matanho epamberi kudzivirira matambudziko emhando yemagetsi.Iyo yechinyakare simba rekuongorora mhando nzira ine gaka munguva chaiyo uye kushanda.
(4) Kuongororwa kwemutoro, kuenzanisira uye kufanotaura
Iyo data yemvura, gasi uye kupisa kwesimba rekushandisa inounganidzwa neakangwara magetsi metres inogona kushandiswa pakuongorora uye kufanotaura.Nekunyatsoongorora ruzivo rwuri pamusoro nehunhu hwemutoro uye shanduko yenguva, iyo yakazara simba rekushandisa uye peak kudiwa kunogona kufungidzirwa uye kufanotaura.Ruzivo urwu ruchagonesa vashandisi, vatengesi vemagetsi uye vanogovera network vashandisi kusimudzira kushandiswa zvine musoro kwemagetsi, kuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza kushandiswa, uye kugadzirisa grid kuronga uye kuronga.
(5) Simba rinoda mhinduro yedivi
Demand-side response inoreva kudzora mitoro yevashandisi uye kugadzirwa kwakagoverwa kuburikidza nemitengo yemagetsi.Inosanganisira kutonga kwemitengo uye kutonga kwakananga mutoro.Kudzora mitengo kunowanzo sanganisira nguva-yekushandisa, chaiyo-nguva uye emergency peak mitengo yekusangana yakajairwa, yenguva pfupi uye peak kudiwa, zvichiteerana.Direct load control inowanzoitwa netiweki dispatcher zvinoenderana netiweki mamiriro kuburikidza neiri kure kuraira kuti uwane uye ubvise mutoro.
(6) Kutarisisa kwesimba uye manejimendi
Nekupa ruzivo nezve mashandisiro emagetsi kubva kumamita akangwara, vashandisi vanogona kukurudzirwa kuderedza mashandisiro avo emagetsi kana kushandura mashandisiro avanoita.Kune dzimba dzakashongedzerwa nemichina yekugadzira yakagovaniswa, inogona zvakare kupa vashandisi vane zvine musoro kugadzirwa kwemagetsi uye mashandisirwo emagetsi zvirongwa zvekuwedzera mabhenefiti evashandisi.
(7) Kutarisira simba rekushandisa
Nekupa ruzivo, smart metres inogona kuvakwa pamusoro pesimba rekutonga sisitimu yemushandisi, yevashandisi vakasiyana (vagari vashandisi, vashandisi vekutengesa uye maindasitiri, nezvimwewo) kupa simba rekutonga masevhisi, mukati memukati nharaunda kutonga (tembiricha, humidity, mwenje. , etc.) panguva imwe chete, sezvinobvira kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba, ziva zvinangwa zvekuderedza kubudiswa.
(8) Kuchengetedza magetsi
Ipa vashandisi data rekushandisa simba rechokwadi-nguva, kurudzira vashandisi kuti vagadzirise maitiro avo ekushandisa simba, uye kuwana nenguva mashandisiro esimba asina kujairika anokonzerwa nekutadza kwemidziyo.Kubva pane tekinoroji yakapihwa smart metres, makambani emagetsi, vatengesi vemidziyo uye vamwe vatori vechikamu pamusika vanogona kupa vashandisi zvigadzirwa zvitsva nemasevhisi, senge mhando dzakasiyana dzekugovana-nguva-yekugovera network mitengo yemagetsi, zvibvumirano zvemagetsi nekutenga-kumashure, mutengo wemagetsi zvibvumirano. , nezvimwewo.
(9) Mhuri yakangwara
Imba yeSmart inoreva kubatana kwemidziyo yakasiyana, michina uye zvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvinopedza simba mumba mune network, uye zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa uye maitiro evagari, kunze.
Iyo inogona kuona kubatana kwekudziya, alarm, mwenje, kufefetedza uye mamwe masisitimu, kuitira kuti ione kure kure kudzora kweimba otomatiki uye midziyo nemimwe michina.
(10) Kuchengetedza kuchengetedza uye kuongorora kukanganisa
Iyo yekuyera basa yemamita emagetsi akangwara inobatsira kuona kudzivirira uye kuchengetedza kwekugovera network zvikamu, magetsi metres uye mushandisi zvishandiso, sekuona voltage waveform kukanganisa, harmonic, kusaenzana uye zvimwe zviitiko zvinokonzerwa nemagetsi emagetsi kutadza uye kutadza kwepasi.Iyo data yekuyera inogona zvakare kubatsira gidhi uye vashandisi kuongorora kutadza kwechikamu chegidhi uye kurasikirwa.
(11) Kubhadhara pachine nguva
Smart metres inopa yakaderera mutengo, inochinjika uye ine hushamwari prepaid nzira pane yechinyakare prepaid nzira.
(12) Kutungamirirwa kwemamita emagetsi
Meter management inosanganisira: asset management yemamita ekuisa;Kugadziriswa kwedatabase yeruzivo;Periodic kuwana mita;Iva nechokwadi chekuiswa kwakakodzera uye kushanda kwemamita;Simbisa nzvimbo yemamita uye iko kurongeka kweruzivo rwemushandisi, nezvimwe.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-20-2020