Metara e bohlale ea motlakase ke e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsa mantlha tsa ho fumana lintlha tsa marang-rang a bohlale a matla (haholo-holo marang-rang a kabo ea matla).E etsa mesebetsi ea ho fumana lintlha, ho lekanya le ho fetisa matla a motlakase a pele, 'me ke motheo oa ho kopanya tlhahisoleseding, ho hlahloba le ho ntlafatsa le ho fana ka boitsebiso.Ntle le ts'ebetso ea mantlha ea ho lekanya ea limtara tsa motlakase tsa setso, limmithara tsa motlakase tse bohlale li boetse li na le mesebetsi ea metering ea litsela tse peli tsa litekanyetso tse fapaneng, ts'ebetso ea taolo ea basebelisi, ts'ebetso ea puisano ea data ea litsela tse peli tsa mekhoa e fapaneng ea phetisetso ea data, ts'ebetso ea anti-tamperin le tse ling. mesebetsi e bohlale, e ikamahanyang le ts'ebeliso ea li-grids tse bohlale le matla a tsosolositsoeng.
Sistimi e tsoetseng pele ea Metering Infrastructure (AMI) le Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) e hahiloeng motheong oa metering ea motlakase e bohlale e ka fa basebelisi lintlha tse felletseng tsa tšebeliso ea motlakase, ho ba nolofalletsa ho laola tšebeliso ea bona ea motlakase betere ho fihlela sepheo sa ho boloka motlakase le ho fokotsa. ho ntšoa ha likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše.Bahoebi ba motlakase ba ka beha theko ea TOU ka mokhoa o bonolo ho latela tlhoko ea basebelisi ho khothaletsa phetoho ea sistimi ea theko ea 'maraka oa motlakase.Lik'hamphani tsa kabo li ka lemoha liphoso ka potlako 'me li arabela ka nako e loketseng ho matlafatsa taolo le tsamaiso ea marang-rang a matla.
Lisebelisoa tsa mantlha tsa matla le matla, pokello ea data ea matla a tala ea motlakase, tekanyo le phetiso li na le ts'epo e phahameng, ho nepahala ho phahameng le tšebeliso e tlase ea matla, jj.
Khopolo Tlhaloso
ESMA
▪ Khampani ea Motlakase ea Eskom Afrika Boroa
DRAM
China
2 Molao-motheo o Sebetsang
3 sehlopha
▪ Ho kopanya motlakase
▪ E sebelisoa ka ho feletseng ka elektronike
4. Litšobotsi tsa Ts'ebetso
5. Likopo tse ka Sehloohong
6. Melemo
Mehopolo
Mohopolo oa Smart Meter o qalile lilemong tsa bo-1990.Ha li-meter tsa motlakase tse tsitsitseng li qala ho hlaha ka 1993, li ne li le theko e boima ka makhetlo a 10 ho isa ho a 20 ho feta li-electromechanical metres, kahoo li ne li sebelisoa haholo-holo ke basebelisi ba bangata.Ka keketseho ea palo ea limithara tsa motlakase tse nang le bokhoni ba likhokahano, hoa hlokahala ho theha mokhoa o mocha oa ho hlokomela ho bala le ho tsamaisa data.Lits'ebetsong tse joalo, data ea metering e qala ho buloa ho litsamaiso tse kang ho tsamaisa li-automation, empa litsamaiso tsena ha li e-so khone ho sebelisa lintlha tse nepahetseng.Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, data ea nako ea 'nete ea tšebeliso ea matla e tsoang ho limithara tse lefelloang pele ha e sebelisoe hangata lits'ebetsong tse kang taolo ea matla kapa mehato ea ho baballa matla.
Ka tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji, limithara tsa motlakase tse sa fetoheng tse hlahisoang ka bongata li ka fumana matla a matla a ho sebetsa le ho boloka data ka theko e tlase haholo, ka hona, bokhoni ba ho phahamisa boemo bo bohlale ba limithara tsa motlakase tsa basebelisi bo ntlafalitsoe haholo, 'me metara ea motlakase o sa fetoheng butle butle. e ile ea nkela sebaka sa limithara tsa motlakase tsa motlakase tse tloaelehileng.
Bakeng sa kutloisiso ea "Smart Meter", ha ho na mohopolo o kopaneng kapa maemo a machaba lefatšeng.Khopolo ea Smart Electric Meter hangata e amoheloa Europe, athe lentsoe smart Electric Meter le bolela limithara tsa motlakase tse bohlale.United States, khopolo ea Advanced Meter e ile ea sebelisoa, empa ntho e ne e tšoana.Leha metara e bohlale e fetoleloa joalo ka metara e bohlale kapa smart meter, haholo-holo e bua ka metara e bohlale ea motlakase.Mekhatlo e fapaneng ea machaba, litsi tsa lipatlisiso le likhoebo li fane ka litlhaloso tse fapaneng tsa "Smart Meter" hammoho le litlhoko tse tsamaellanang tsa ts'ebetso.
ESMA
European Smart Metering Alliance (ESMA) e hlalosa litšobotsi tsa Metering ho hlalosa limithara tsa motlakase oa Smart.
(1) Ts'ebetso e ikemetseng, phetisetso, taolo le ts'ebeliso ea data ea tekanyo;
(2) Tsamaiso e ikemetseng ea limithara tsa motlakase;
(3) Puisano ea litsela tse peli lipakeng tsa limithara tsa motlakase;
(4) Ho fana ka tlhahisoleseding e nakong le ea bohlokoa ea tšebeliso ea matla ho barupeluoa ba amehang (ho kenyeletsoa le basebelisi ba matla) ka har'a tsamaiso e bohlale ea metering;
(5) Ts'ehetsa ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso ea matla le lits'ebeletso tsa lits'ebetso tsa taolo ea matla (moloko, phetisetso, kabo le ts'ebeliso).
Khamphani ea Motlakase ea Eskom ea Afrika Boroa
Ha ho bapisoa le limmithara tsa setso, limithara tse bohlale li ka fana ka leseli le eketsehileng la tšebeliso, le ka romelloang ho li-server tsa lehae ka marang-rang a itseng ka nako efe kapa efe ho fihlela sepheo sa taolo ea metering le litefiso.E boetse e kenyelletsa:
(1) Mefuta e fapaneng ea theknoloji e tsoetseng pele e kopantsoe;
(2) Ho bala mithara ka nako ea sebele kapa ea nako ea sebele;
(3) Litšobotsi tse qaqileng tsa mojaro;
(4) Rekoto ea ho khaoha ha motlakase;
(5) Tlhokomelo ea boleng ba matla.
DRAM
Ho latela Demand Response and Advanced Metering Coalition (DRAM), limithara tsa motlakase tse bohlale li lokela ho khona ho fihlela mesebetsi e latelang:
(1) Lekanya lintlha tsa matla ka linako tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa linako tsa hora kapa tse lumelletsoeng;
(2) Ho lumella basebelisi ba motlakase, lik'hamphani tsa motlakase le mekhatlo ea litšebeletso ho rekisa matla ka litheko tse fapaneng;
(3) Fana ka lintlha tse ling le mesebetsi ho ntlafatsa boleng ba tšebeletso ea matla le ho rarolla mathata a tšebeletso.
China
Sesebelisoa se bohlale se hlalositsoeng Chaena ke sesebelisoa se nang le microprocessor e le motheo oa eona, se ka bolokang tlhahisoleseding ea tekanyo le ho etsa tlhahlobo ea nako ea sebele, synthesis le kahlolo ea liphetho tsa tekanyo.Ka kakaretso e na le ts'ebetso ea ho lekanya ka mokhoa o itekanetseng, bokhoni bo matla ba ho sebetsana le data, ho fetola zero ka mokhoa o itekanetseng le ho fetola li-unit, ho potlakela ho etsa phoso, ts'ebetso ea ho sebelisana le mochine, e nang le phanele ea ts'ebetso le pontšo, ka tekanyo e itseng ea bohlale ba maiketsetso.Limithara tsa motlakase tse sebetsang ka bongata tse nang le li-microprocessor hangata li hlalosoa e le limithara tsa motlakase tse bohlale, 'me likarolo tse kang mesebetsi ea puisano (mojari, GPRS, ZigBee, joalo-joalo), metering ea basebelisi ba bangata, le metering bakeng sa basebelisi ba itseng (joalo ka literene tsa motlakase) li kenngoa ho mohopolo oa limithara tse bohlale tsa motlakase.
Ka kakaretso e ka nkoa e le: meter ea motlakase e bohlale e thehiloeng ho ts'ebeliso ea microprocessor le thekenoloji ea puisano ea marang-rang e le motheo oa sesebelisoa se bohlale, metering ea othomathiki / tekanyo, ts'ebetso ea data, puisano ea litsela tse peli le bokhoni ba ho atolosa mosebetsi, e ka finyella tekanyo ea bidirectional, remote/ puisano ea lehae, tšebelisano ea nako ea sebele le mefuta e fapaneng ea litheko tsa motlakase, phepelo ea motlakase e hole, ho lekola boleng ba matla, ho bala limithara tsa mocheso oa metsi, ho sebelisana le basebelisi, le mesebetsi e meng.Sistimi ea metering e bohlale e ipapisitseng le limithara tse bohlale e ka ts'ehetsa litlhoko tse bohlale tsa grid bakeng sa taolo ea mojaro, phihlello ea motlakase e ajoang, ts'ebetso ea matla, ho tsamaisa marang-rang, khoebo ea 'maraka oa motlakase le phokotso ea tlhahiso.
Ho lokisa melao-motheo e sebetsang
Metara e bohlale ea motlakase ke sesebelisoa se tsoetseng pele sa metering se bokellang, se sekasekang le ho laola lintlha tsa tlhaiso-leseling ea matla a motlakase ho ipapisitsoe le thekenoloji ea sejoale-joale ea puisano, thekenoloji ea likhomphutha le theknoloji ea ho metha.Molao-motheo oa meter ea motlakase o bohlale ke: itšetleha ka A/D converter kapa metering chip ho etsa pokello ea nako ea 'nete ea motlakase le motlakase, ho etsa tlhahlobo le ts'ebetso ka CPU, hlokomela lipalo tsa tataiso e ntle le e mpe, phula ea tlhoro. kapa matla a motlakase a li-quadrant tse 'nè,' me a tsoele pele ho hlahisa litaba tsa motlakase ka puisano, pontšo le mekhoa e meng.
Sebopeho le molao-motheo oa ho sebetsa oa meter ea motlakase o bohlale oa elektronike o fapane haholo le meter ea motlakase oa motlakase oa setso.
Sebopeho sa limithara tse bohlale tsa motlakase
Ammeter ea mofuta oa induction e entsoe haholo ka poleiti ea aluminium, coil ea motlakase ea hajoale, makenete e sa feleng le lintho tse ling.Molao-motheo oa eona oa ts'ebetso o lekantsoe haholo-holo ke tšebelisano ea hona joale ea eddy e hlahisoang ke coil ea hajoale le poleiti ea lead e tsamaeang.'Me meter e bohlale ea elektroniki e entsoe haholo ka likarolo tsa elektroniki mme molao-motheo oa eona oa ts'ebetso o ipapisitse le matla a phepelo ea motlakase le sampole ea nako ea nnete, hape e sebelisa potoloho e kopaneng ea li-watt-hour meter, sampole ea voltage le ts'ebetso ea lets'oao ea hajoale, e fetolelang ho pulse output, qetellong e laoloa ke microcomputer e le 'ngoe bakeng sa ho sebetsa, pontšo ea pulse bakeng sa tšebeliso ea matla le tlhahiso.
Hangata, re bitsa palo ea li-pulse tse hlahisoang ke A/D converter e le pulse constant ha re metha degree e le 'ngoe ea motlakase ka A smart meter .Bakeng sa Metara e bohlale, sena ke ntho e sa fetoheng ea bohlokoa, hobane palo ea li-pulse tse hlahisoang ke converter ea A/D ka nako ea yuniti e tla etsa qeto ka kotloloho ho nepahala ha tekanyo ea metara.
Sehlopha sa Metara ea Motlakase
Mabapi le sebopeho, metara e bohlale ea watt-hora e ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: metara e kopaneng ea electromechanical le metara ea elektronike kaofela.
Ho kopanya motlakase
Electromechanical kaofela ka e le 'ngoe, e leng ka methareng ea pele ea mochini e khomaretsoeng likarolong tse itseng tsa mesebetsi e seng e ntse e phethela, le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo le ho e kenya habonolo.Moralo oa eona oa moralo ka kakaretso ha o senye sebopeho sa 'mele oa mitha oa hajoale, ntle le ho fetola ea mantlha motheong oa tekanyetso ea eona ea naha, ka ho eketsa sesebelisoa sa sensor ho fetoha meter ea mochini e nang le phallo ea motlakase, ho hokahanya lipalo tsa elektroniki le lipalo tsa mochini.Ho nepahala ha eona ho lekanya ha ho tlase ho feta metara ea mofuta oa mochini o akaretsang.Morero ona oa moralo o amohela theknoloji e butsoitseng ea mitha ea pele ea kutlo, e sebelisoang haholo bakeng sa ho nchafatsa tafole ea khale.
Elektronike e Felletseng
Mofuta o mong le o mong oa elektroniki o sebelisa sesebelisoa sa elektroniki se kopaneng sa potoloho e le mantlha ho tloha ho litekanyo ho isa ts'ebetsong ea data, ho tlosa likarolo tsa mochini mme o na le likarolo tsa molumo o fokotsehileng, ts'epo e eketsehileng, ka nepo, ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea matla le ho ntlafatsa haholo ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso. .
Likaroloana
(1) Ho tšepahala
Ho nepahala ha hoa fetoha ka nako e telele, ha ho na ho tsamaisana ha mabili, ha ho na liphello tsa ho kenya le ho tsamaisa, joalo-joalo.
(2) Ho nepahala
Mefuta e mengata e fapaneng, matla a pharaletseng a matla, ho qala ho utloahala, joalo-joalo.
(3) Mosebetsi
E ka kenya tšebetsong mesebetsi ea ho bala limithara tse bohareng, litekanyetso tse ngata, tefo ea pele, ho thibela bosholu ba motlakase, le ho fihlela litlhoko tsa lits'ebeletso tsa phihlello ea Marang-rang.
(4) Ts'ebetso ea litšenyehelo
Ts'ebetso ea theko e phahameng, e ka bolokeloa mesebetsi ea katoloso, e anngoeng ke theko ea lisebelisoa tse tala, joalo ka tse nyane.
(5) Potlako ea alamo: Ha motlakase o setseng o le ka tlase ho alamo ea motlakase, mitha e atisa ho bontša palo e setseng ea motlakase ho hopotsa mosebedisi ho reka motlakase;Ha matla a setseng a meter a lekana le matla a alamo, matla a ho khoptjoa a khaotsoe hanngoe, mosebedisi o hloka ho kenya karete ea IC ho tsosolosa matla a motlakase, mosebedisi o lokela ho reka matla ka nako ka nako ena.
(6) Tšireletso ea data
Theknoloji ea potoloho e kopaneng ea naha eohle e amohetsoe bakeng sa ts'ireletso ea data, 'me data e ka bolokoa lilemo tse fetang 10 kamora ho felloa ke matla.
(7) Motlakase oa motlakase o tima
Ha palo e setseng ea motlakase mithareng ea motlakase e le zero, metara e tla khoptjoa ka bo eona ebe e sitisa phepelo ea motlakase.Ka nako ena, mosebelisi o lokela ho reka motlakase ka nako.
(8) Ngola morao tshebetso
Karete ea motlakase e ka ngola tšebeliso ea matla e bokellaneng, matla a setseng le matla a ho tšela lefela ho khutlela tsamaisong ea thekiso ea motlakase molemong oa taolo ea lipalo ea lefapha la taolo.
(9) Mosebetsi oa tlhahlobo ea sampole ea basebelisi
Software ea thekiso ea motlakase e ka fana ka tlhahlobo ea sampole ea tšebeliso ea motlakase le ho fana ka lisampole tsa tatellano ea basebelisi kamoo ho hlokahalang.
(10) Potso ea matla
Kenya karete ea IC ho bonts'a kakaretso ea matla a rekiloeng, palo ea matla a rekiloeng, motlakase oa ho qetela o rekiloeng, tšebeliso ea matla e ntseng e eketseha le matla a setseng.
(11) Tšireletso ea overvoltage
Ha mojaro oa 'nete o feta boleng bo behiloeng, meter e tla khaola motlakase ka bo eona, e kenye karete ea bareki, ebe e khutlisetsa phepelo ea motlakase.
Lisebelisoa tse ka Sehloohong
(1) Settlement le accounting
Methara e bohlale ea motlakase e ka hlokomela ts'ebetso ea tlhaiso-leseling e nepahetseng le ea nako ea nnete, e nolofatsang ts'ebetso e rarahaneng ea ts'ebetso ea li-account nakong e fetileng.Sebakeng sa 'maraka oa matla, li-dispatchers li ka fetola barekisi ba matla ka nako le ka mokhoa o bonolo, esita le ho hlokomela ho fetoha ha othomathike nakong e tlang.Ka nako e ts'oanang, basebelisi ba ka boela ba fumana lintlha tse nepahetseng le tse nakong ea tšebeliso ea matla le tlhaiso-leseling.
(2) Khakanyo ea boemo ba marang-rang ea kabo
Tlhahisoleseding ea kabo ea phallo ea matla ka lehlakoreng la marang-rang a kabo ha e nepahale, haholo hobane tlhahisoleseling e fumanoa ka ts'ebetso e felletseng ea mohlala oa marang-rang, boleng ba khakanyo ea mojaro le tlhaiso-leseling ea tekanyo ka lehlakoreng le phahameng la motlakase.Ka ho kenyelletsa li-node tsa litekanyo ka lehlakoreng la mosebedisi, ho tla fumanoa boitsebiso bo nepahetseng haholoanyane ba mojaro le tahlehelo ea marang-rang, kahoo ho qoba boima bo feteletseng le ho senyeha ha boleng ba matla a thepa ea motlakase.Ka ho kopanya palo e kholo ea lintlha tsa tekanyo, tekanyo ea boemo bo sa tsejoeng e ka phethahala 'me ho nepahala ha lintlha tsa tekanyo ho ka hlahlojoa.
(3) Tlhokomelo ea ts'epo ea boleng ba matla le phepelo ea motlakase
Limithara tse bohlale tsa motlakase li ka hlokomela boleng ba motlakase le boemo ba phepelo ea motlakase ka nako ea nnete, e le ho arabela litletlebo tsa basebelisi ka nako le ka nepo, le ho nka mehato esale pele ho thibela mathata a boleng ba motlakase.Mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho hlahloba boleng ba matla o na le lekhalo ka nako ea sebele le katleho.
(4) Tlhahlobo ea mojaro, mohlala le ho bolela esale pele
Lintlha tsa tšebeliso ea matla a metsi, khase le mocheso tse bokelletsoeng ke limithara tse bohlale tsa motlakase li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea mojaro le ho bolela esale pele.Ka ho sekaseka ka botlalo lintlha tse kaholimo tse nang le litšobotsi tsa mojaro le liphetoho tsa nako, kakaretso ea tšebeliso ea matla le tlhokeho e phahameng e ka hakanngoa le ho hakanngoa esale pele.Tlhahisoleseding ena e tla nolofatsa basebelisi, barekisi ba motlakase le ba sebetsang marangrang a kabo ho khothaletsa tšebeliso e nepahetseng ea motlakase, ho boloka matla le ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso, le ho ntlafatsa moralo oa marang-rang le kemiso.
(5) Karabelo ea lehlakore la tlhoko ea matla
Karabelo ea lehlakore la tlhokahalo e bolela ho laola meroalo ea basebelisi le tlhahiso e ajoang ka litheko tsa motlakase.E kenyelletsa taolo ea theko le taolo e tobileng ea mojaro.Litaolo tsa litheko ka kakaretso li kenyelletsa litefiso tsa nako ea ts'ebeliso, nako ea 'nete le maemo a tšohanyetso ho kopana le tlhokeho e tloaelehileng, ea nako e khuts'oane le ea tlhoro, ka ho latellana.Taolo e tobileng ea mojaro hangata e finyelloa ke dispatcher ea marang-rang ho ea ka boemo ba marang-rang ka taelo e hole ho fihlella le ho tlosa mojaro.
(6) Tlhokomelo le tsamaiso e nepahetseng ea matla
Ka ho fana ka leseli mabapi le tšebeliso ea matla ho tsoa ho limithara tse bohlale, basebelisi ba ka khothaletsoa ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea bona ea matla kapa ho fetola tsela eo ba e sebelisang ka eona.Bakeng sa malapa a nang le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso e ajoang, e ka boela ea fa basebelisi mekhoa e metle ea ho fehla motlakase le ho sebelisa matla ho eketsa melemo ea basebelisi.
(7) Tsamaiso ea matla a basebelisi
Ka ho fana ka tlhahisoleseling, limithara tse bohlale li ka hahuoa holim'a sistimi ea taolo ea matla ea mosebelisi, bakeng sa basebelisi ba fapaneng (basebelisi ba baahi, basebelisi ba khoebo le ba indasteri, joalo-joalo) ho fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa taolo ea matla, taolong ea tikoloho ea kahare (mocheso, mongobo, mabone). , joalo-joalo) ka nako e ts'oanang, ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla, hlokomela lipakane tsa ho fokotsa mesi.
(8) Ho baballa matla
Fana ka basebelisi boitsebiso ba nako ea sebele ea tšebeliso ea matla, ho khothalletsa basebelisi ho fetola mekhoa ea bona ea ho sebelisa matla, le ho fumana tšebeliso e sa tloaelehang ea matla ka nako e bakoang ke ho se sebetse ha lisebelisoa.Ho ipapisitsoe le thekenoloji e fanoeng ke limithara tse bohlale, lik'hamphani tsa motlakase, barekisi ba thepa le barupeluoa ba bang ba mmaraka ba ka fa basebelisi lihlahisoa le lits'ebeletso tse ncha, joalo ka mefuta e fapaneng ea litheko tsa motlakase oa marang-rang a arolelanang nako, likonteraka tsa motlakase ka theko ea morao-rao, likonteraka tsa theko ea motlakase. , joalo-joalo.
(9) Lelapa le bohlale
Lehae le bohlale
Lehae le bohlale ke lehae leo ho lona lisebelisoa tse fapaneng, mechini le lisebelisoa tse ling tse jang matla li hokahaneng ka marang-rang mme li laoloa ho latela litlhoko le boitšoaro ba baahi, mocheso oa kantle le likarolo tse ling.E khona ho hlokomela khokahano ea ho futhumatsa, alamo, mabone, moea le lisebelisoa tse ling, e le ho hlokomela taolo e hole ea li-automation tsa lapeng le lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa tse ling.
(10) Tlhokomelo e thibelang le ho hlahloba liphoso
Mosebetsi oa ho lekanya oa limithara tse bohlale tsa motlakase o thusa ho lemoha thibelo le tlhokomelo ea likarolo tsa marang-rang a kabo, limithara tsa motlakase le lisebelisoa tsa basebelisi, tse kang ho lemoha ho senyeha ha maqhubu a motlakase, harmonic, ho se leka-lekane le liketsahalo tse ling tse bakoang ke liphoso tsa thepa ea motlakase le liphoso tsa fatše.Lintlha tsa tekanyo li ka boela tsa thusa grid le basebelisi ho sekaseka mefokolo le tahlehelo ea karolo ea grid.
(11) Ho lefa esale pele
Limithara tse bohlale li fana ka theko e tlase, mokhoa o tenyetsehang le o botsoalle ho feta mekhoa ea khale ea ho lefa.
(12) Tsamaiso ea limithara tsa motlakase
Taolo ea metara e kenyelletsa: taolo ea thepa ea metara ea ho kenya;Tlhokomelo ea polokelo ea lintlha tsa metha;Ho fihlella mithara nako le nako;Etsa bonnete ba ho kenya le ho sebetsa hantle ha mithara;Netefatsa sebaka sa limithara le ho nepahala ha tlhahisoleseding ea mosebedisi, joalo-joalo.
Nako ea poso: Nov-04-2020