Smart magetsi mita ndi chimodzi mwazida zoyambira zopezera deta yamtundu wamagetsi anzeru (makamaka network yogawa magetsi anzeru).Imagwira ntchito zopezera deta, kuyeza ndi kutumiza mphamvu yamagetsi yapachiyambi, ndipo ndilo maziko a kugwirizanitsa chidziwitso, kusanthula ndi kukhathamiritsa ndi kufotokozera zambiri.Kuphatikiza pa kuyeza koyambira kwamamita amtundu wamagetsi, ma mita amagetsi anzeru alinso ndi ntchito za njira ziwiri zoyezera mitengo yosiyanasiyana, ntchito yowongolera ogwiritsa ntchito, njira ziwiri zoyankhulirana zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yotumizira ma data, ntchito yotsutsa-tamperin ndi zina. ntchito zanzeru, sinthani kugwiritsa ntchito ma gridi anzeru ndi mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa.
Dongosolo lapamwamba la Metering Infrastructure (AMI) ndi Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) lomwe linamangidwa pamaziko a metering yamagetsi anzeru limatha kupatsa ogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane chogwiritsa ntchito magetsi, kuwapangitsa kuti aziwongolera bwino momwe amagwiritsira ntchito magetsi kuti akwaniritse cholinga chopulumutsa magetsi ndi kuchepetsa. mpweya wowonjezera kutentha.Ogulitsa magetsi amatha kuyika mtengo wa TOU molingana ndi zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akufuna kulimbikitsa kusintha kwamitengo yamagetsi pamsika.Makampani ogulitsa amatha kuzindikira zolakwika mwachangu ndikuyankha munthawi yake kuti alimbikitse kuwongolera ndi kuyang'anira maukonde amagetsi.
Zida zoyambira za mphamvu ndi mphamvu, kusonkhanitsa deta yamagetsi yaiwisi yamagetsi, kuyeza ndi kufalitsa kumakhala ndi kudalirika kwakukulu, kulondola kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, etc.
Tanthauzo la Concept
ESMA
▪ Eskom South Africa Power Company
DRAM
China
2 Mfundo Yogwira Ntchito
3 gulu
▪ Kuphatikiza kwa electromechanical
▪ Ndi makompyuta
4. Makhalidwe Ogwira Ntchito
5. Main Applications
6. Ubwino
Malingaliro
Lingaliro la Smart Meter linayamba cha m'ma 1990.Pamene mamita amagetsi osasunthika adawonekera koyamba mu 1993, anali okwera mtengo nthawi 10 mpaka 20 kuposa ma electromechanical mamita, kotero amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi ogwiritsa ntchito akuluakulu.Ndi kuchuluka kwa ma mita amagetsi okhala ndi kuthekera kolumikizana ndi telecommunication, ndikofunikira kupanga njira yatsopano yodziwira kuwerenga kwa mita ndi kasamalidwe ka data.M'machitidwe oterowo, deta ya metering imayamba kutsegulidwa ku machitidwe monga kugawa makina, koma machitidwewa sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito bwino deta yoyenera.Mofananamo, deta yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zenizeni zenizeni kuchokera kumamita olipidwa sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pazinthu monga kayendetsedwe ka mphamvu kapena njira zotetezera mphamvu.
Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, ma metres opangidwa ndi magetsi osasunthika amatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zosungira ndi kusungitsa deta pamtengo wotsika kwambiri, motero kuthekera kokweza mulingo wanzeru wamamita amagetsi ogwiritsa ntchito ang'onoang'ono kumakhala bwino kwambiri, ndipo ma static metres magetsi pang'onopang'ono. m'malo mwa chikhalidwe electromechanical magetsi mamita.
Pakumvetsetsa kwa "Smart Meter", palibe lingaliro logwirizana kapena muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi.Lingaliro la smart Electric Meter nthawi zambiri limatengedwa ku Europe, pomwe mawu akuti smart Electric Meter amatanthauza mita yamagetsi yanzeru.Ku United States, lingaliro la Advanced Meter linagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma chinthucho chinali chimodzimodzi.Ngakhale mita yanzeru imatanthauzidwa ngati mita yanzeru kapena mita yanzeru, imatanthawuza mita yamagetsi yanzeru.Mabungwe osiyanasiyana apadziko lonse lapansi, mabungwe ofufuza ndi mabizinesi apereka matanthauzidwe osiyanasiyana a "Smart Meter" kuphatikiza ndi zofunikira zofananira.
ESMA
European Smart Metering Alliance (ESMA) imalongosola mawonekedwe a Metering kuti afotokoze ma Smart magetsi mita.
(1) Kukonzekera, kutumiza, kuyang'anira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito deta yoyezera;
(2) Kuwongolera mokhazikika kwa mita yamagetsi;
(3) Njira ziwiri zoyankhulirana pakati pa mita yamagetsi;
(4) Perekani zidziwitso zapanthawi yake komanso zamtengo wapatali zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali (kuphatikiza ogula magetsi) mkati mwadongosolo lanzeru la metering;
(5) Kuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi ndi ntchito zamakina owongolera mphamvu (m'badwo, kutumiza, kugawa, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito).
Kampani ya Eskom Power ya ku South Africa
Poyerekeza ndi mita yachikale, mita yanzeru imatha kupereka zambiri zamagwiritsidwe ntchito, zomwe zitha kutumizidwa ku maseva am'deralo kudzera pa netiweki inayake nthawi iliyonse kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha metering ndi kasamalidwe ka bilu.Zimaphatikizaponso:
(1) Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yaukadaulo wapamwamba imaphatikizidwa;
(2) Kuwerenga kwa mita zenizeni zenizeni kapena quasi-real-time;
(3) Makhalidwe atsatanetsatane a katundu;
(4) Kuzimitsa kwa magetsi;
(5) Kuwunika kwamphamvu kwamphamvu.
DRAM
Malinga ndi Demand Response and Advanced Metering Coalition (DRAM), mita yamagetsi yanzeru iyenera kukwaniritsa ntchito izi:
(1) Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu mu nthawi zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ola limodzi kapena nthawi zovomerezeka;
(2) Kulola ogula magetsi, makampani amagetsi ndi mabungwe ogwira ntchito kuti agulitse mphamvu pamitengo yosiyanasiyana;
(3) Perekani zidziwitso zina ndi ntchito kuti muwongolere ntchito yamagetsi ndikuthana ndi mavuto muutumiki.
China
Chida chanzeru chomwe chimatanthauzidwa ku China ndi chida chokhala ndi microprocessor monga maziko ake, omwe amatha kusunga zambiri zoyezera ndikupanga kusanthula kwanthawi yeniyeni, kaphatikizidwe ndi chiweruzo cha zotsatira zoyezera.Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ntchito yoyezera zokha, luso lamphamvu losinthira deta, kusintha zero zokha ndikusintha mayunitsi, kuwongolera kosavuta, ntchito yolumikizirana ndi makina amunthu, yokhala ndi gulu logwirira ntchito ndi chiwonetsero, ndi luntha lochita kupanga.Mamita amagetsi amagetsi amitundu yambiri okhala ndi ma microprocessors nthawi zambiri amatanthauzidwa ngati mita yamagetsi anzeru, ndipo mawonekedwe monga ntchito zoyankhulirana (chonyamulira, GPRS, ZigBee, ndi zina zambiri), metering ya ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri, ndi metering kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ena (monga ma locomotives amagetsi) amayambitsidwa. lingaliro la smart magetsi mita.
Zitha kuganiziridwa ngati: mita yanzeru yamagetsi yochokera pakugwiritsa ntchito microprocessor ndi ukadaulo wolumikizana ndi maukonde monga maziko a chida chanzeru, metering / muyeso wodziwikiratu, kusanthula deta, kulumikizana kwanjira ziwiri ndi kuthekera kokulitsa ntchito, mutha kukwaniritsa muyeso wapawiri, kutali / kulankhulana kwanuko, kuyanjana kwa nthawi yeniyeni ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo yamagetsi, magetsi akutali, kuyang'anira khalidwe la mphamvu, kuwerenga kwa mita ya kutentha kwa madzi, kuyanjana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, ndi ntchito zina.Makina a Smart metering ozikidwa pamamita anzeru amatha kuthandizira zofunikira pa gridi yanzeru pakuwongolera katundu, mwayi wogawa mphamvu, mphamvu zamagetsi, kutumiza ma gridi, kugulitsa msika wamagetsi, ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa.
Ntchito mfundo kusintha
Intelligent magetsi mita ndi chipangizo chapamwamba cha metering chomwe chimasonkhanitsa, kusanthula ndi kuyang'anira deta ya chidziwitso cha mphamvu yamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono loyankhulana, luso la makompyuta ndi luso la kuyeza.Mfundo yofunikira ya mita yamagetsi yanzeru ndi: kudalira chosinthira cha A/D kapena metering chip kuti chikwaniritse zenizeni za wogwiritsa ntchito ndi magetsi, kusanthula ndi kukonza kudzera mu CPU, kuzindikira kuwerengera kwa njira zabwino ndi zoyipa, chigwa chapamwamba. kapena zinayi quadrant mphamvu yamagetsi, ndi zina linanena bungwe zili magetsi kudzera kulankhulana, kusonyeza ndi njira zina.
Kapangidwe ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya mita yamagetsi yanzeru ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi mita yamagetsi yachikhalidwe.
Kupanga kwanzeru zamagetsi zamagetsi
Ammeter yamtundu wa induction imapangidwa makamaka ndi mbale ya aluminiyamu, koyilo yamagetsi yamakono, maginito okhazikika ndi zinthu zina.Mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito imayesedwa makamaka ndi kuyanjana kwamakono kwa eddy komwe kumapangidwa ndi koyilo yamakono ndi mbale yotsogolera yosunthika.Ndipo mita yamagetsi yamagetsi imapangidwa makamaka ndi zida zamagetsi ndipo mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito imachokera kumagetsi ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi ndi zitsanzo zamakono nthawi yeniyeni, imagwiritsanso ntchito watt-hour mita Integrated circuit, sampuli voteji ndi processing panopa chizindikiro, amamasulira pulse linanena bungwe, potsiriza kulamulidwa ndi single chip microcomputer kwa processing, kugunda kuwonetsera kwa mphamvu ya mphamvu ndi zotuluka.
Nthawi zambiri, timatcha kuchuluka kwa ma pulse opangidwa ndi A/D converter ngati kugunda kosalekeza poyesa digiri imodzi yamagetsi mu A smart mita .Kwa mita yanzeru, iyi ndi nthawi yofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa ma pulse opangidwa ndi A/D converter pa nthawi ya unit kudzatsimikizira kulondola kwa mita.
Gulu la Magetsi Meter
Pankhani ya kapangidwe, wanzeru watt-ola mita akhoza pafupifupi kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: electromechanical Integrated mita ndi onse-electronic mita.
Kuphatikiza kwa electromechanical
Electromechanical onse mu umodzi, ndicho choyambirira makina mita Ufumuyo mbali zina za kale kumaliza ntchito zofunika, ndi kuchepetsa mtengo ndi zosavuta kukhazikitsa.kamangidwe kake zambiri popanda kuwononga panopa mita dongosolo thupi, popanda kusintha choyambirira pa maziko a dziko muyezo muyezo, powonjezera kuzindikira chipangizo kutembenukira mu makina makina ndi kugunda kwamagetsi linanena bungwe, synchronizing manambala pakompyuta ndi manambala makina.Kulondola kwake koyezera sikotsika kuposa mita yamtundu wamtundu wamakina.Chiwembu chokonzekerachi chimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wokhwima wa mita yozindikira yoyambira, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakumanganso tebulo lakale.
Zamagetsi Zonse
Mitundu yonse yamagetsi imagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chamagetsi chophatikizira dera monga pachimake kuchokera pakuyezetsa mpaka pakukonza deta, kuchotsa mbali zamakina ndipo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ocheperako, kudalirika kochulukira, molondola, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, ndikuwongolera kwambiri njira yopangira. .
Mawonekedwe
(1) Kudalirika
Kulondola sikunasinthidwe kwa nthawi yayitali, kusagwirizana kwa gudumu, kulibe zotsatira za unsembe ndi kayendedwe, etc.
(2) Kulondola
Wide range, wide power factor, start sensitive, etc.
(3) Ntchito
Itha kukhazikitsa ntchito zowerengera mamita apakati, kuchuluka kwa ndalama zambiri, kulipira ndalama zisanachitike, kupewa kuba magetsi, komanso kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito intaneti.
(4) Kuchita kwa mtengo
Kuchita kwamtengo wapatali, kungathe kusungidwa kwa ntchito zowonjezera, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mtengo wa zipangizo, monga zazing'ono.
(5) Kuthamanga kwa Alamu: Pamene mphamvu yotsala yamagetsi imakhala yochepa kusiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa magetsi a alamu, mita nthawi zambiri imasonyeza kuchuluka kwa magetsi otsala kuti akumbutse wogwiritsa ntchito kugula magetsi;Pamene mphamvu yotsala mu mita ikufanana ndi mphamvu ya alamu, mphamvu yodutsa imadulidwa kamodzi, wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuyika IC khadi kuti abwezeretse mphamvu, wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kugula mphamvu panthawiyi.
(6) Chitetezo cha data
Ukadaulo wophatikizika wamtundu uliwonse wokhazikika umatengedwa kuti utetezere deta, ndipo deta imatha kusungidwa kwazaka zopitilira 10 mphamvu italephera.
(7) Mphamvu yozimitsa yokha
Mphamvu yotsalayo mu mita yamagetsi ikakhala ziro, mita imangoyenda yokha ndikusokoneza magetsi.Panthawi imeneyi, wosuta ayenera kugula magetsi panthawi yake.
(8) Lembani mmbuyo ntchito
Khadi lamagetsi limatha kulemba kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamagetsi, mphamvu zotsalira ndi mphamvu zodutsa ziro kubwerera kumayendedwe ogulitsa magetsi kuti zithandizire kasamalidwe ka mawerengero a dipatimenti yoyang'anira.
(9) Ntchito yowunikira zitsanzo za ogwiritsa ntchito
Mapulogalamu ogulitsa magetsi atha kupereka kuwunika kwachitsanzo cha momwe magetsi amagwiritsidwira ntchito ndikupereka zitsanzo zoyambirira zamatsatidwe a ogwiritsa ntchito ngati pakufunika.
(10) Funso lamphamvu
Ikani khadi la IC kuti muwonetse mphamvu zonse zomwe zagulidwa, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zagulidwa, mphamvu yomaliza yogulidwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochulukirapo ndi mphamvu yotsalira.
(11) Chitetezo cha overvoltage
Pamene katundu weniweniwo udutsa mtengo wokhazikitsidwa, mita idzadula mphamvu yokha, kuika khadi la kasitomala, ndikubwezeretsanso magetsi.
Main Applications
(1) Kukhazikika ndi kuwerengera ndalama
Mamita anzeru amagetsi amatha kuzindikira zolondola komanso zenizeni nthawi yeniyeni yokonza zidziwitso, zomwe zimathandizira njira zovuta zosinthira akaunti m'mbuyomu.M'malo amsika amagetsi, ma dispatchers amatha kusintha ogulitsa mphamvu munthawi yake komanso moyenera, komanso kuzindikira kusintha kwamtsogolo mtsogolo.Nthawi yomweyo, ogwiritsa ntchito amathanso kupeza zambiri zolondola komanso zanthawi yake zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso zidziwitso zowerengera.
(2) Chiyerekezo cha boma la ma netiweki
The mphamvu otaya kugawa zambiri pa kugawa maukonde mbali si zolondola, makamaka chifukwa zambiri akamagwira processing mabuku chitsanzo maukonde, katundu kuyerekezera mtengo ndi muyeso zambiri mbali mkulu-voteji wa substation.Powonjezera miyeso kumbali ya wogwiritsa ntchito, zambiri zolondola za katundu ndi kutayika kwa maukonde zidzapezedwa, motero kupewa kulemetsa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu ya zida zamagetsi.Mwa kuphatikiza chiwerengero chachikulu cha deta yoyezera, kuyerekezera kwa dziko losadziwika kungatheke ndipo kulondola kwa deta yoyezera kungayang'ane.
(3) Kuwunika kwamphamvu kwamagetsi ndi kudalirika kwamagetsi
Mamita anzeru amagetsi amatha kuyang'anira mphamvu yamagetsi ndi momwe magetsi alili munthawi yeniyeni, kuti athe kuyankha madandaulo a ogwiritsa ntchito munthawi yake komanso molondola, ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti apewe zovuta zamtundu wamagetsi.Njira yowunikira mphamvu yachikhalidwe imakhala ndi nthawi yeniyeni komanso yogwira mtima.
(4) Kusanthula kwa katundu, kutsanzira ndi kulosera
Deta ya madzi, gasi ndi mphamvu ya kutentha yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa ndi mita yamagetsi yanzeru ingagwiritsidwe ntchito posanthula katundu ndi kulosera.Mwa kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi mawonekedwe a katundu ndi kusintha kwa nthawi, mphamvu yonse yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kumatha kuyerekezedwa ndikunenedweratu.Izi zithandizira ogwiritsa ntchito, ogulitsa magetsi ndi ogawa ma network kuti alimbikitse kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi moyenera, kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso kukonza mapulani a gridi ndi ndandanda.
(5) Mphamvu zimafuna yankho la mbali
Kuyankha kwa mbali zofunidwa kumatanthauza kuwongolera katundu wa ogwiritsa ntchito ndikugawa kugawa kudzera pamitengo yamagetsi.Zimaphatikizapo kuwongolera mtengo komanso kuwongolera katundu mwachindunji.Kuwongolera mitengo kumaphatikizapo nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, nthawi yeniyeni ndi ziwopsezo zadzidzidzi kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zanthawi zonse, zazifupi komanso zazitali, motsatana.Kuwongolera katundu molunjika nthawi zambiri kumatheka ndi network dispatcher molingana ndi momwe maukonde amagwirira ntchito kudzera mu lamulo lakutali kuti mupeze ndikuchotsa katunduyo.
(6) Kuwunika ndi kasamalidwe ka mphamvu zamagetsi
Popereka chidziwitso chokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuchokera pamamita anzeru, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kulimbikitsidwa kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo kapena kusintha momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.Kwa mabanja omwe ali ndi zida zogawira, zitha kupatsanso ogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira magetsi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuti apindule kwambiri ndi ogwiritsa ntchito.
(7) Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi
Popereka chidziwitso, mamita anzeru amatha kumangidwa pa kayendetsedwe ka mphamvu ya wogwiritsa ntchito, kwa ogwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana (ogwiritsa ntchito okhalamo, ogwiritsira ntchito malonda ndi mafakitale, etc.) kuti apereke ntchito zoyendetsera mphamvu, mu kayendetsedwe ka chilengedwe chamkati (kutentha, chinyezi, kuunikira). , etc.) panthawi imodzimodziyo, momwe mungathere kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kuzindikira zolinga zochepetsera mpweya.
(8) Kupulumutsa mphamvu
Apatseni ogwiritsa ntchito data yanthawi yeniyeni yogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kulimbikitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kusintha momwe amagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, ndikupeza nthawi yake yogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu molakwika chifukwa cha kulephera kwa zida.Kutengera ukadaulo woperekedwa ndi mita anzeru, makampani amagetsi, ogulitsa zida ndi ena omwe akuchita nawo msika atha kupatsa ogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zatsopano ndi ntchito, monga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitengo yamagetsi yogawana nthawi, mapangano amagetsi ndi kugula-mmbuyo, mapangano amagetsi amtengo wapatali. , ndi zina.
(9) Banja lanzeru
Nyumba yanzeru
Nyumba yanzeru ndi nyumba yomwe zida zosiyanasiyana, makina ndi zida zina zowonongera mphamvu zimalumikizidwa mu netiweki ndikuwongoleredwa molingana ndi zosowa ndi machitidwe a okhalamo, kutentha kwakunja ndi zina.Itha kuzindikira kulumikizana kwa kutentha, alamu, kuyatsa, mpweya wabwino ndi machitidwe ena, kuti azindikire kuwongolera kwakutali kwa makina opangira nyumba ndi zida ndi zida zina.
(10) Kusamalira koteteza ndi kusanthula zolakwika
Ntchito yoyezera yamagetsi amagetsi anzeru imathandizira kuzindikira kapewedwe ndi kasamalidwe ka magawo a netiweki, mita yamagetsi ndi zida za ogwiritsa ntchito, monga kuzindikira kupotoza kwa ma waveform, ma harmonic, kusalinganika ndi zochitika zina zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zida zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zolakwika zapansi.Deta yoyezera ingathandizenso gululi ndi ogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula zolephera ndi zotayika zagawo.
(11) Malipiro pasadakhale
Smart mita imapereka njira yotsika mtengo, yosinthika komanso yaubwenzi yolipiriratu kuposa njira zanthawi zonse zolipiriratu.
(12) Kuwongolera mita yamagetsi
Kuwongolera mita kumaphatikizapo: kasamalidwe ka katundu wa mita yoyika;Kusamalira nkhokwe ya chidziwitso cha mita;Kufikira kwa mita nthawi ndi nthawi;Onetsetsani kukhazikitsa ndi kuyendetsa bwino mita;Tsimikizirani komwe kuli mita komanso kulondola kwa chidziwitso cha ogwiritsa ntchito, ndi zina.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-04-2020